Visual and morphometric description of feral horse hooves from Sable Island National Park Reserve.
Abstract: To visually evaluate and morphometrically describe a sample of abnormal hooves from Sable Island horses that died between 2007 and 2013. Equine. An opportunistic sample of 356 abnormal hooves from horses inhabiting Sable Island National Park Reserve (Canada) was collected postmortem between 2007 and 2013 from 101 Sable Island horses. These hooves were assessed for abnormalities in conformation through visual and morphometric evaluation. On visual and morphometric evaluation, 100% of horses (101/101) had abnormal hoof conformation when compared to a domestic horse hoof model. Specific abnormalities from visual evaluation included long heels (85%); medial, lateral, and dorsal flares (45, 78, and 46% of horses, respectively); and cracking (62%). Specific abnormalities determined from morphometry of the hooves included contracted heels (87%), hoof imbalances including mediolateral imbalance (61%), and hoof length greater than width (100%). Sable Island horses had various hoof abnormalities such as hoof capsule flaring; long, contracted heels; and mediolateral imbalance. These abnormalities have been observed in other feral horse populations living on soft substrates. Given the potential impact of hoof abnormalities on the welfare status of the Sable Island horses, further studies are warranted, including estimation of the prevalence of hoof abnormalities and direct observation of horse gait and behavior. The significance of the hoof abnormalities for the health of the Sable Island horses is difficult to determine but the issue highlights the importance of further study to investigate the impact on the horses' welfare. Description visuelle et morphométrique des sabots de chevaux sauvages de la réserve de parc national de l’Île-de-Sable. Évaluer visuellement et décrire morphométriquement un échantillon de sabots anormaux de chevaux de l’île de Sable décédés entre 2007 et 2013. Cheval. Un échantillon opportuniste de 356 sabots anormaux provenant de chevaux habitant la réserve de parc national de l’Île-de-Sable (Canada) a été prélevé post-mortem entre 2007 et 2013 sur 101 chevaux de l’île-de-Sable. Ces sabots ont été évalués pour déceler des anomalies de conformation par une évaluation visuelle et morphométrique. Lors de l’évaluation visuelle et morphométrique, 100 % des chevaux (101/101) présentaient une conformation de sabot anormale par rapport à un modèle de sabot de cheval domestique. Les anomalies spécifiques de l’évaluation visuelle comprenaient les talons longs (85 %); poussées médiales, latérales et dorsales (respectivement 45, 78 et 46 % des chevaux); et fissuration (62 %). Les anomalies spécifiques déterminées à partir de la morphométrie des sabots comprenaient des talons contractés (87 %), des déséquilibres des sabots, notamment un déséquilibre médiolatéral (61 %) et une longueur du sabot supérieure à la largeur (100 %). Les chevaux de l’île-de-Sable présentaient diverses anomalies aux sabots, telles qu’un évasement de la boîte cornée; talons longs et contractés; et déséquilibre médiolatéral. Ces anomalies ont été observées chez d’autres populations de chevaux sauvages vivant sur des substrats mous. Compte tenu de l’impact potentiel des anomalies des sabots sur le bien-être des chevaux de l’Île-de-Sable, d’autres études sont justifiées, notamment l’estimation de la prévalence des anomalies des sabots et l’observation directe de la démarche et du comportement des chevaux. L’importance des anomalies des sabots pour la santé des chevaux de l’Île-de-Sable est difficile à déterminer, mais la question souligne l’importance d’une étude plus approfondie pour étudier l’impact sur le bien-être des chevaux.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).
Copyright and/or publishing rights held by the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association.
Publication Date: 2023-11-02 PubMed ID: 37915781PubMed Central: PMC10581359
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- Journal Article
Summary
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This study is about examining and measuring a sample of abnormal hooves from Sable Island horses that died between 2007 and 2013. It aims to identify any unusual hoof conformation these horses may have, and to investigate the potential impact these abnormalities might have on their health and welfare.
Methodology
- The study utilized an opportunistic sample of 356 abnormal hooves from 101 Sable Island horses that died between 2007 and 2013 in the Sable Island National Park Reserve in Canada.
- The hooves were examined and measured post-death in order to assess any abnormalities in form and size.
- The assessment was performed on a visual basis as well as through morphometric evaluation, which involves measuring and quantifying the shape, form, and structure of the hooves.
Findings
- The examination showed that all the horses (100%) had abnormal hoof conformation when compared to a standard domestic horse hoof model.
- Visual evaluation revealed specific abnormalities, including long heels (found in 85% of horses); medial, lateral, and dorsal flares (45%, 78%, and 46% of horses respectively); and cracking (62%).
- Morphometric analysis showed additional specific abnormalities, such as contracted heels (87%), hoof imbalances including mediolateral imbalance (61%), and hoof length greater than width (100%).
Implications
- These findings show that Sable Island horses have several hoof irregularities, such as flaring of the hoof capsule; long, contracted heels; and mediolateral imbalance. These abnormalities resemble those observed in other feral horse populations inhabiting soft terrain.
- The potential impact of these hoof abnormalities on the welfare status of the Sable Island horses can be significant, but the exact significance for the health of the Sable Island horses is uncertain, highlighting a need for additional study to further investigate the impact on horse welfare.
- The study recommends further research including the estimation of the prevalence of hoof abnormalities and direct observation of horse gait and behavior.
Cite This Article
APA
Mellish MA, Lucas Z, Lancaster L, Stull JW, Floyd A.
(2023).
Visual and morphometric description of feral horse hooves from Sable Island National Park Reserve.
Can Vet J, 64(11), 1028-1034.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3 (Mellish, Stull, Floyd); Sable Island Institute, P.O. Box 11, Halifax Central, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3J 2L4 (Lucas); Lancaster Veterinary Services, Denver, Colorado 80222, USA (Lancaster).
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3 (Mellish, Stull, Floyd); Sable Island Institute, P.O. Box 11, Halifax Central, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3J 2L4 (Lucas); Lancaster Veterinary Services, Denver, Colorado 80222, USA (Lancaster).
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3 (Mellish, Stull, Floyd); Sable Island Institute, P.O. Box 11, Halifax Central, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3J 2L4 (Lucas); Lancaster Veterinary Services, Denver, Colorado 80222, USA (Lancaster).
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3 (Mellish, Stull, Floyd); Sable Island Institute, P.O. Box 11, Halifax Central, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3J 2L4 (Lucas); Lancaster Veterinary Services, Denver, Colorado 80222, USA (Lancaster).
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3 (Mellish, Stull, Floyd); Sable Island Institute, P.O. Box 11, Halifax Central, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3J 2L4 (Lucas); Lancaster Veterinary Services, Denver, Colorado 80222, USA (Lancaster).
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Horses
- Hoof and Claw
- Parks, Recreational
- Canada
- Prevalence
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