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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2004; 101(25); 9321-9326; doi: 10.1073/pnas.0403011101

A detailed physical map of the horse Y chromosome.

Abstract: We herein report a detailed physical map of the horse Y chromosome. The euchromatic region of the chromosome comprises approximately 15 megabases (Mb) of the total 45- to 50-Mb size and lies in the distal one-third of the long arm, where the pseudoautosomal region (PAR) is located terminally. The rest of the chromosome is predominantly heterochromatic. Because of the unusual organization of the chromosome (common to all mammalian Y chromosomes), a number of approaches were used to crossvalidate the results. Analysis of the 5,000-rad horse x hamster radiation hybrid panel produced a map spanning 88 centirays with 8 genes and 15 sequence-tagged site (STS) markers. The map was verified by several fluorescence in situ hybridization approaches. Isolation of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones for the radiation hybrid-mapped markers, end sequencing of the BACs, STS development, and bidirectional chromosome walking yielded 109 markers (100 STS and 9 genes) contained in 73 BACs. STS content mapping grouped the BACs into seven physically ordered contigs (of which one is predominantly ampliconic) that were verified by metaphase-, interphase-, and fiber-fluorescence in situ hybridization and also BAC fingerprinting. The map spans almost the entire euchromatic region of the chromosome, of which 20-25% (approximately 4 Mb) is covered by isolated BACs. The map is presently the most informative among Y chromosome maps in domesticated species, third only to the human and mouse maps. The foundation laid through the map will be critical in obtaining complete sequence of the euchromatic region of the horse Y chromosome, with an aim to identify Y specific factors governing male infertility and phenotypic sex variation.
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Publication Date: 2004-06-14 PubMed ID: 15197257PubMed Central: PMC438975DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0403011101Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research details the construction of an extensive physical map of the horse Y chromosome, providing a comprehensive look at its structure and organization for future genetic studies, particularly in areas related to male fertility and sex variation in horses.

Organization of Horse Y Chromosome

  • This study reports the construction of a comprehensive map of the horse Y chromosome, detailing its physical structure. The chromosome’s euchromatic region, which carries most of its genes, lies in the distal third of the long arm and takes up about 15 megabases (Mb) of the total 45-50 Mb size of the chromosome.
  • The rest of the chromosome is largely heterochromatic, a less gene-rich and more densely packed form of DNA.
  • The pseudoautosomal region (PAR), where X and Y chromosomes pair up during meiosis, is located at the terminal end of the chromosome.

Mapping Techniques

  • To produce this detailed map, researchers employed multiple strategies to cross-validate their findings. They relied on a 5,000-rad horse x hamster radiation hybrid panel, a technique used to determine the relative distances between genes, to create an initial map over 88 centirays with 8 genes and 15 sequence-tagged site (STS) markers.
  • The initial map was then verified using several fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques, which visually locate the genetic material on chromosomes.

Development of Contigs and BAC Clones

  • Next, the researchers isolated bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones for the radiation hybrid-mapped markers. They performed end sequencing of the BACs and created STS markers that led to the identification of 109 markers contained in 73 BACs.
  • This process of STS content mapping grouped BACs into seven physically ordered groups, known as contigs. The accuracy of these contig groups was confirmed using metaphase-, interphase-, and fiber-fluorescence in situ hybridization and BAC fingerprinting techniques.

Implication of the Map

  • The final map covers nearly the entire euchromatic region of the Y chromosome, with isolated BACs accounting for approximately 20-25%, or about 4 Mb.
  • As of the study’s publication, this map is one of the most detailed versions for Y chromosomes in domestic species, coming in third after the human and mouse chromosome maps.
  • This comprehensive map serves as an important foundation for future genetic research in horses. In particular, obtaining the complete sequence of the euchromatic region of the horse Y chromosome may shed light on the genetic factors contributing to male infertility and sex variation.

Cite This Article

APA
Raudsepp T, Santani A, Wallner B, Kata SR, Ren C, Zhang HB, Womack JE, Skow LC, Chowdhary BP. (2004). A detailed physical map of the horse Y chromosome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 101(25), 9321-9326. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0403011101

Publication

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
ISSN: 0027-8424
NlmUniqueID: 7505876
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 101
Issue: 25
Pages: 9321-9326

Researcher Affiliations

Raudsepp, Terje
  • Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843, USA.
Santani, Avni
    Wallner, Barbara
      Kata, Srinivas R
        Ren, Chengwei
          Zhang, Hong-Bin
            Womack, James E
              Skow, Loren C
                Chowdhary, Bhanu P

                  MeSH Terms

                  • Animals
                  • Contig Mapping / methods
                  • Cricetinae
                  • Crosses, Genetic
                  • DNA Fingerprinting
                  • Genetic Markers
                  • Horses / genetics
                  • Humans
                  • Male
                  • Mammals / genetics
                  • Physical Chromosome Mapping / methods
                  • Rats
                  • Species Specificity
                  • Y Chromosome / chemistry
                  • Y Chromosome / genetics

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                  This article has been cited 22 times.
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