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Frontiers in veterinary science2023; 10; 1319998; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1319998

A pharmacokinetic study on red ginseng with furosemide in equine.

Abstract: Red ginseng (RG) is a popular ingredient in traditional Korean medicine that has various health benefits. It is commonly taken orally as a dietary supplement; however, its potential interactions with concomitantly administered drugs are unclear. In this study, we examined the pharmacokinetic interaction between furosemide and RG in equine plasma. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis was performed to evaluate ginsenosides in the plasma of horses after feeding them RG and furosemide and validate the results. A single bolus of furosemide (0.5 mg/kg) was administered intravenously to female horses that had consumed RG (600 mg/kg/day) every morning for 3 weeks (experimental group), and blood samples were collected from 0 to 24 h, analyzed, and compared with those from female horses that did not consume RG (control group). Four (20s)-protopanaxadiol ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd) were detected in the plasma. Rb1 and Rc individually showed a high concentration distribution in the plasma. The C, AUC, and AUC of furosemide was significantly increased in the experimental group ( < 0.05), while the CL, V, and V was decreased ( < 0.05,  < 0.01). These changes indicate the potential for pharmacokinetic interactions between furosemide and RG.
Copyright © 2023 Kwak, Lee, Choi, Park, Kim, Kim, Yoon and Yoo.
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Publication Date: 2023-11-24 PubMed ID: 38076549PubMed Central: PMC10704239DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1319998Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research article discusses the interaction between red ginseng and furosemide, a diuretic drug, in horses and how their combined use could potentially affect the distribution and concentration of these substances in the body.

Research Overview

The researchers intended to uncover potential interaction between red ginseng, an ingredient commonly used in traditional medicine, and furosemide, a drug commonly used to treat heart and kidney conditions. More specifically, the study aimed to understand how the presence of red ginseng might affect the concentration of furosemide in the bodies of horses.

Methodology

  • The research involved dividing the horses into two groups: those that consumed red ginseng together with furosemide (experimental group), and those that only received furosemide (control group).
  • The experimental group received 600 mg/kg/day of red ginseng every morning for three weeks, along with a single bolus of furosemide (0.5 mg/kg).
  • Blood samples were taken from all horses from 0 to 24 hours after the administration of furosemide. These samples were then analyzed using liquid chromatography, a method used for separating compounds in a mixture, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, a process used to identify and quantify the compounds separated.

Results

  • Four ginsenosides — a type of natural product found in ginseng — were detected in the horse plasma. Of the four, Rb1 and Rc showed a high concentration distribution in the plasma.
  • In the experimental group (those who consumed both red ginseng and furosemide), a significant increase was observed in the concentration, area under the curve (AUC), and rate of furosemide absorption. In contrast, the clearance rate (CL), volume of distribution (V), and half-life (T) of the drug was decreased. This indicates that red ginseng might have some impact on the pharmacokinetics of furosemide.

Conclusion

The study suggests that red ginseng can alter the body’s handling of furosemide, making the latter more concentrated and available in the body while decreasing its clearance rate. The implications of these findings, however, require further studies to validate the clinical relevance of the red ginseng-furosemide interaction.

Cite This Article

APA
Kwak YB, Lee E, Choi H, Park T, Kim A, Kim J, Yoon J, Yoo HH. (2023). A pharmacokinetic study on red ginseng with furosemide in equine. Front Vet Sci, 10, 1319998. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1319998

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 10
Pages: 1319998
PII: 1319998

Researcher Affiliations

Kwak, Young Beom
  • Racing Laboratory, Korea Racing Authority, Jeju-si, Jeju, Republic of Korea.
Lee, Eunkyu
  • Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
Choi, Hyunjoo
  • Training Support Team, Jeju Stud Farm, Korea Racing Authority, Jeju-si, Jeju, Republic of Korea.
Park, Taemook
  • Equine Clinic, Korea Racing Authority, Jeju-si, Jeju, Republic of Korea.
Kim, Ahram
  • Equine Clinic, Jeju Stud Farm, Korea Racing Authority, Jeju-si, Jeju, Republic of Korea.
Kim, Jungon
  • Management Team, Jeju Stud Farm, Korea Racing Authority, Jeju-si, Jeju, Republic of Korea.
Yoon, Jungho
  • Equine Clinic, Jeju Stud Farm, Korea Racing Authority, Jeju-si, Jeju, Republic of Korea.
Yoo, Hye Hyun
  • Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 4 times.
  1. Zhang L, Wang W, Liu X, Yan K, Li Q, Li M, Li C, Li Y, Chen L. Traditional Chinese medicine compounds modulate signaling pathways to improve cardiac-related pathology. Front Pharmacol 2025;16:1499060.
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  2. Kwak YB, Stambler I, Yoo HH, Yoon J. Metabolomic analysis of the impact of red ginseng on equine physiology. Front Vet Sci 2024;11:1425089.
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  3. Nyulas KI, Simon-Szabó Z, Pál S, Fodor MA, Dénes L, Cseh MJ, Barabás-Hajdu E, Csipor B, Szakács J, Preg Z, Germán-Salló M, Nemes-Nagy E. Cardiovascular Effects of Herbal Products and Their Interaction with Antihypertensive Drugs-Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024 Jun 9;25(12).
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  4. Kwak YB, Yoo HH, Yoon J. The impact of the administration of red ginseng (Panax ginseng) on lipid metabolism and free fatty acid profiles in healthy horses using a molecular networking approach. Front Vet Sci 2024;11:1285000.
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