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Molecular psychiatry2012; 17(5); 486-493; doi: 10.1038/mp.2011.179

Absence of evidence for bornavirus infection in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder.

Abstract: In 1983, reports of antibodies in subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD) to an as-yet uncharacterized infectious agent associated with meningoencephalitis in horses and sheep led to molecular cloning of the genome of a novel, negative-stranded neurotropic virus, Borna disease virus (BDV). This advance has enabled the development of new diagnostic assays, including in situ hybridization, PCR and serology based on recombinant proteins. Since these assays were first implemented in 1990, more than 80 studies have reported an association between BDV and a wide range of human illnesses that include MDD, bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia (SZ), anxiety disorder, chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, dementia and glioblastoma multiforme. However, to date there has been no blinded case-control study of the epidemiology of BDV infection. Here, in a United States-based, multi-center, yoked case-control study with standardized methods for clinical assessment and blinded serological and molecular analysis, we report the absence of association of psychiatric illness with antibodies to BDV or with BDV nucleic acids in serially collected serum and white blood cell samples from 396 subjects, a study population comprised of 198 matched pairs of patients and healthy controls (52 SZ/control pairs, 66 BD/control pairs and 80 MDD/control pairs). Our results argue strongly against a role for BDV in the pathogenesis of these psychiatric disorders.
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Publication Date: 2012-01-31 PubMed ID: 22290118PubMed Central: PMC3622588DOI: 10.1038/mp.2011.179Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research study investigates the link between Borna disease virus (BDV) and several mental health disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. The results show no significant association of mental illnesses with either antibodies to BDV or BDV nucleic acids, effectively disputing BDV’s role in the development of these psychiatric disorders.

Background and Purpose of the Study

  • The research study was initiated to test the widely reported assertion – derived from more than 80 studies – that Borna disease virus (BDV), a neurotropic virus, is associated with a broad range of human illnesses, such as schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, dementia, and glioblastoma multiforme.
  • However, the researchers note that to date, no blinded case-control study on the epidemiology of the BDV infection has been carried out.
  • Therefore, the study was designed to rigorously investigate the potential role of BDV in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder using a standardized, blinded, case-control approach.

Methodology

  • A United States-based, multi-center, yoked case-control approach was used in this study. This design means that each patient (or “case”) was matched with a healthy individual (or “control”).
  • Various standardized methods were used for clinical assessment and for the serological and molecular analysis. These methods included in situ hybridization, PCR and serology based on recombinant proteins, which were developed after the genome of BDV was cloned.
  • The researchers collected serial serum and white blood cell samples from a total of 396 subjects, comprised of 198 matched pairs of patients and controls – 52 schizophrenia/control pairs, 66 bipolar/control pairs and 80 major depressive disorder/control pairs.

Results and Conclusions

  • The results of the study show no notable association of psychiatric illness with antibodies to BDV or with BDV nucleic acids. This absence of association strongly disputes the role of BDV in the development pathogenesis of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder.
  • The findings challenge the inference of previous studies suggesting BDV’s role in a wide range of human illnesses, thus prompting a reevaluation and re-examination of these previous claims.

Cite This Article

APA
Hornig M, Briese T, Licinio J, Khabbaz RF, Altshuler LL, Potkin SG, Schwemmle M, Siemetzki U, Mintz J, Honkavuori K, Kraemer HC, Egan MF, Whybrow PC, Bunney WE, Lipkin WI. (2012). Absence of evidence for bornavirus infection in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. Mol Psychiatry, 17(5), 486-493. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2011.179

Publication

Molecular psychiatry
ISSN: 1476-5578
NlmUniqueID: 9607835
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 17
Issue: 5
Pages: 486-493

Researcher Affiliations

Hornig, M
  • Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA. mady.hornig@columbia.edu
Briese, T
    Licinio, J
      Khabbaz, R F
        Altshuler, L L
          Potkin, S G
            Schwemmle, M
              Siemetzki, U
                Mintz, J
                  Honkavuori, K
                    Kraemer, H C
                      Egan, M F
                        Whybrow, P C
                          Bunney, W E
                            Lipkin, W I

                              MeSH Terms

                              • Adult
                              • Aged
                              • Antibodies, Viral / blood
                              • Bipolar Disorder / virology
                              • Borna disease virus / immunology
                              • Case-Control Studies
                              • Depressive Disorder, Major / virology
                              • Female
                              • Humans
                              • Male
                              • Middle Aged
                              • Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
                              • RNA, Viral / blood
                              • Schizophrenia / virology

                              Grant Funding

                              • R01 MH057467 / NIMH NIH HHS
                              • MH57467 / NIMH NIH HHS

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