FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
British journal of pharmacology1973; 48(3); 426-437; doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1973.tb08351.x

Acute systemic anaphylaxis in the horse.

Abstract: 1. Histamine in small doses caused systemic depressor responses in horses, whereas greater doses caused biphasic effects. All doses of 5-hydroxytrypt-amine (5-HT) were pressor and all doses of bradykinin depressor. All three active substances raised pulmonary artery pressure and lowered central venous pressure. 5-HT reduced ventilation volume. Histamine caused brief apnoea followed by hyperpnoea only.2. Acute anaphylaxis in the horse was accompanied by a severe systemic arterial depressor response, a pressor response in the pulmonary artery and vena cava, and alternating phases of apnoea and dyspnoea.3. During anaphylaxis, profound haemoconcentration, leucopoenia, thrombocytopoenia and hyperkalaemia were in evidence. Early during anaphylactic shock (2 to 4 min) there were profound increases in plasma histamine (five to six-fold) and plasma kinin activity (four to five-fold). Plasma 5-HT concentrations were reduced initially but recovered. Later in anaphylaxis (10 to 20 min) whole blood histamine concentration fell significantly. This coincided with the most profound period of leucopoenia.4. No significant differences were observed in histamine concentration in any of five tissues between six ponies subjected to anaphylaxis and six controls. Mast cell numbers were not reduced but mast cells were more metachromatic (pink) and there was spilling of mast cell granules.5. Gross pathological changes were noted mainly in the lungs which were extensively oedematous and congested. Inflamed, congested and oedematous areas in the large colon and caecum were seen, and the kidneys, spleen and liver were engorged. Alveolar emphysema, peribroncheolar oedema (containing mononuclear cells and neutrophils) were recorded. Alveoli contained erythrocytes.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 1973-07-01 PubMed ID: 4764291PubMed Central: PMC1776115DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1973.tb08351.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates the impact of acute systemic anaphylaxis in horses. It studies histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and bradykinin effects on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of horses, and provides important insights into the physiological and observable changes during an anaphylactic episode.

Major Findings and Methodology

  • The researchers observed that small doses of histamine lead to systemic depressor responses in horses while larger doses cause biphasic effects. 5-HT is exclusively pressor while bradykinin is depressor. All three substances – histamine, 5-HT, and bradykinin – increased pulmonary artery pressure and lowered central venous pressure.
  • Acute anaphylaxis in horses resulted in severe systemic arterial depressor response, a pressor response in the pulmonary artery and vena cava, and alternating phases of apnea (cessation of breathing) and dyspnea (troubled breathing).
  • The team also observed profound haemoconcentration, leucopoenia (reduction in the number of white blood cells), thrombocytopoenia (decreased number of platelets), and hyperkalaemia (excess of potassium). They also detected increased plasma histamine levels, plasma kinin activity, and reduced 5-HT concentrations during early anaphylactic shock. However, overall blood histamine concentrations fell significantly later in the anaphylactic period correlating with severe leucopenia.
  • They saw no significant differences in tissue histamine concentration between ponies experiencing anaphylaxis and controls. Mast cell numbers remained unchanged, though the mast cells appeared more pink and there was evidence of mast cell granule spillage.

Gross Pathological Changes

  • Pathological changes during anaphylaxis were mostly visible in the lungs, which exhibited extensive edema (fluid accumulation) and congestion. Inflamed and edematous areas were also seen in the large colon and caecum. Other organs like the kidneys, spleen, and liver were engorged or filled with blood.
  • Respiratory complications like alveolar emphysema (damaged alveoli in the lungs), peribroncheolar edema (fluid accumulation around the bronchioles), the presence of mononuclear cells and neutrophils, and red blood cells in the alveoli were observed.

The study sheds light on the physiological responses and alterations in horses experiencing anaphylaxis, and aids in our understanding of the systemic complications that can arise from severe allergic reactions in equine subjects.

Cite This Article

APA
Eyre P, Lewis AJ. (1973). Acute systemic anaphylaxis in the horse. Br J Pharmacol, 48(3), 426-437. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1973.tb08351.x

Publication

British journal of pharmacology
ISSN: 0007-1188
NlmUniqueID: 7502536
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 48
Issue: 3
Pages: 426-437

Researcher Affiliations

Eyre, P
    Lewis, A J

      MeSH Terms

      • Anaphylaxis / chemically induced
      • Anaphylaxis / veterinary
      • Animals
      • Apnea / chemically induced
      • Blood Pressure / drug effects
      • Bradykinin / pharmacology
      • Cecum / pathology
      • Colon / pathology
      • Dyspnea / chemically induced
      • Female
      • Hemodynamics / drug effects
      • Histamine / blood
      • Histamine / pharmacology
      • Horse Diseases / chemically induced
      • Horses
      • Kidney / pathology
      • Liver / pathology
      • Male
      • Mast Cells / drug effects
      • Pulmonary Edema / pathology
      • Serotonin / blood
      • Serotonin / pharmacology
      • Spleen / pathology

      References

      This article includes 23 references
      1. Woodruff MF. Antilymphocytic serum.. Antibiot Chemother 1969;15:234-49.
        pubmed: 4888855doi: 10.1159/000386784google scholar: lookup
      2. Andén NE, Magnusson T. An improved method for the fluorimetric determination of 5-hydroxytryptamine in tissues.. Acta Physiol Scand 1967 Jan-Feb;69(1):87-94.
        pubmed: 4961922doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1967.tb03493.xgoogle scholar: lookup
      3. Kahlson G, Rosengren E. New approaches to the physiology of histamine.. Physiol Rev 1968 Jan;48(1):155-96.
        pubmed: 4169682doi: 10.1152/physrev.1968.48.1.155google scholar: lookup
      4. Boreham PF. Immune reactions and kinin formation in chronic trypanosomiasis.. Br J Pharmacol Chemother 1968 Mar;32(3):493-504.
        pubmed: 4966722doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1968.tb00450.xgoogle scholar: lookup
      5. ROCHA e SILVA M. The role played by leucocytes and platelets in anaphylactic and peptone shock.. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1950 Apr 28;50(9):1045-67.
        pubmed: 15413924doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1950.tb39902.xgoogle scholar: lookup
      6. CODE CF, MITCHELL RG. Histamine, eosinophils and basophils in the blood.. J Physiol 1957 May 23;136(3):449-68.
        pubmed: 13429513doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1957.sp005773google scholar: lookup
      7. McGavin MD, Gronwall RR, Mia AS. Pathologic changes in experimental equine anaphylaxis.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1972 Jun 15;160(12):1632-6.
        pubmed: 5033867
      8. COOK WR, ROSSDALE PD. RESPIRATORY DISTRESS IN SOME DISEASES OF MAN AND ANIMALS. THE SYNDROME OF 'BROKEN WIND' IN THE HORSE.. Proc R Soc Med 1963 Nov;56(11):972-7.
        pubmed: 14084412
      9. Alexander F, Eyre P, Head KW. Effects of histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine on sheep.. J Comp Pathol 1967 Jan;77(1):1-12.
        pubmed: 6030455doi: 10.1016/s0021-9975(67)80001-xgoogle scholar: lookup
      10. Eyre P. Equine pulmonary emphysema: a bronchopulmonary mould allergy.. Vet Rec 1972 Aug 5;91(6):134-40.
        pubmed: 5072627doi: 10.1136/vr.91.6.134google scholar: lookup
      11. Piper PJ, Collier HO. Release of catecholamines in the guinea-pig by substances involved in anaphylaxis.. Nature 1967 Feb 25;213(5078):838-40.
        pubmed: 4382230doi: 10.1038/213838a0google scholar: lookup
      12. Porter JF, Mitchell RG. Distribution of histamine in human blood.. Physiol Rev 1972 Apr;52(2):361-81.
        pubmed: 4553703doi: 10.1152/physrev.1972.52.2.361google scholar: lookup
      13. NOAH JW, BRAND A. A fluorometric method to determine levels of histamine in human plasma.. J Allergy 1961 May-Jun;32:236-40.
        pubmed: 13729351doi: 10.1016/0021-8707(61)90053-3google scholar: lookup
      14. Eyre P. Anaphylactic (skin-sensitising) antibodies in the horse.. Vet Rec 1972 Jan 8;90(2):36-7.
        pubmed: 5014724doi: 10.1136/vr.90.2.36google scholar: lookup
      15. Eyre P, Lewis AJ. Production of kinins in bovine anaphylactic shock.. Br J Pharmacol 1972 Feb;44(2):311-3.
        pubmed: 4668595doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1972.tb07269.xgoogle scholar: lookup
      16. Greaves MW, Mongar JL. The histamine content of rabbit leucocytes and its release during in vitro anaphylaxis.. Immunology 1968 Nov;15(5):733-42.
        pubmed: 4177077
      17. LECOMTE J. [Thrombopenia caused by anaphylactic shock in rabbit].. C R Seances Soc Biol Fil 1956;150(3):593-5.
        pubmed: 13343757
      18. Itkin IH. Bronchial hypersensitivity to mecholyl and histamine in asthma subjects.. J Allergy 1967 Oct;40(4):245-56.
        pubmed: 5233817doi: 10.1016/0021-8707(67)90087-1google scholar: lookup
      19. RILEY JF. The relationship of the tissue mast cells to the blood vessels in the rat.. J Pathol Bacteriol 1953 Apr;65(2):461-9.
        pubmed: 13062046doi: 10.1002/path.1700650218google scholar: lookup
      20. Lewis AJ, Eyre P. Some cardiorespiratory effects of histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and compound 48-80 in the calf.. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1972 Jun;50(6):545-53.
        pubmed: 4114844doi: 10.1139/y72-082google scholar: lookup
      21. SHORE PA, BURKHALTER A, COHN VH Jr. A method for the fluorometric assay of histamine in tissues.. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1959 Nov;127:182-6.
        pubmed: 14446178
      22. Eyre P, Lewis AJ, Wells PW. Acute systemic anaphylaxis in the calf.. Br J Pharmacol 1973 Mar;47(3):504-16.
        pubmed: 4147191doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1973.tb08182.xgoogle scholar: lookup
      23. Alexander F, Eyre P, Head KW, Sanford J. Effects of anaphylaxis and chemical histamine liberators in sheep.. J Comp Pathol 1970 Jan;80(1):19-30.
        pubmed: 4190614doi: 10.1016/0021-9975(70)90027-7google scholar: lookup

      Citations

      This article has been cited 10 times.
      1. Basile RC, Rivera GG, Del Rio LA, de Bonis TC, do Amaral GP, Giangrecco E, Ferraz G, Yoshinari NH, Canola PA, Queiroz Neto A. Anaphylactoid reaction caused by sodium ceftriaxone in two horses experimentally infected by Borrelia burgdorferi. BMC Vet Res 2015 Aug 12;11:197.
        doi: 10.1186/s12917-015-0478-6pubmed: 26265349google scholar: lookup
      2. Sabban S, Ye H, Helm B. Development of an in vitro model system for studying the interaction of Equus caballus IgE with its high-affinity receptor FcεRI. J Vis Exp 2014 Nov 1;(93):e52222.
        doi: 10.3791/52222pubmed: 25406512google scholar: lookup
      3. Chand N, Eyre P. Classification and biological distribution of histamine receptor sub-types. 1975. Agents Actions 1994 Dec;43(3-4):97-115; discussion 116.
        doi: 10.1007/BF01986677pubmed: 7725983google scholar: lookup
      4. Mirbahar KB, McDonell WN, Bignell W, Eyre P. Effects of aerosolized histamine and carbachol in the conscious horse. Can J Comp Med 1985 Apr;49(2):211-8.
        pubmed: 4016587
      5. Ogunbiyi PO, Eyre P. Pharmacological studies of pulmonary anaphylaxis in vitro: a review. Agents Actions 1985 Dec;17(2):158-74.
        doi: 10.1007/BF01966586pubmed: 2420161google scholar: lookup
      6. Eyre P. Preliminary studies of pharmacological antigonism of anaphylaxis in the horse. Can J Comp Med 1976 Apr;40(2):149-52.
        pubmed: 1033778
      7. Chand N, Eyre P. Spasmolytic action of histamine in airway smooth muscle of horse. Agents Actions 1978 Apr;8(3):191-8.
        doi: 10.1007/BF01966602pubmed: 665431google scholar: lookup
      8. Chand N, Eyre P. The Schultz-Dale reaction: a review. Agents Actions 1978 Apr;8(3):171-84.
        doi: 10.1007/BF01966600pubmed: 352112google scholar: lookup
      9. Chand N, Eyre P. Immunological release of histamine and slow-reacting substance in domestic fowl. Can J Comp Med 1978 Oct;42(4):519-24.
        pubmed: 84701
      10. Chand N, Eyre P. Classification and biological distribution of histamine receptor sub-types. Agents Actions 1975 Oct;5(4):277-95.
        doi: 10.1007/BF02205232pubmed: 1979google scholar: lookup
      Subscribe to our newsletter
      Join 99,928 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.