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Home / Equine Research Bank / Br J Pharmacol / Acute systemic anaphylaxis in the horse.
British journal of pharmacology1973; 48(3); 426-437; doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1973.tb08351.x

Acute systemic anaphylaxis in the horse.

Abstract: 1. Histamine in small doses caused systemic depressor responses in horses, whereas greater doses caused biphasic effects. All doses of 5-hydroxytrypt-amine (5-HT) were pressor and all doses of bradykinin depressor. All three active substances raised pulmonary artery pressure and lowered central venous pressure. 5-HT reduced ventilation volume. Histamine caused brief apnoea followed by hyperpnoea only.2. Acute anaphylaxis in the horse was accompanied by a severe systemic arterial depressor response, a pressor response in the pulmonary artery and vena cava, and alternating phases of apnoea and dyspnoea.3. During anaphylaxis, profound haemoconcentration, leucopoenia, thrombocytopoenia and hyperkalaemia were in evidence. Early during anaphylactic shock (2 to 4 min) there were profound increases in plasma histamine (five to six-fold) and plasma kinin activity (four to five-fold). Plasma 5-HT concentrations were reduced initially but recovered. Later in anaphylaxis (10 to 20 min) whole blood histamine concentration fell significantly. This coincided with the most profound period of leucopoenia.4. No significant differences were observed in histamine concentration in any of five tissues between six ponies subjected to anaphylaxis and six controls. Mast cell numbers were not reduced but mast cells were more metachromatic (pink) and there was spilling of mast cell granules.5. Gross pathological changes were noted mainly in the lungs which were extensively oedematous and congested. Inflamed, congested and oedematous areas in the large colon and caecum were seen, and the kidneys, spleen and liver were engorged. Alveolar emphysema, peribroncheolar oedema (containing mononuclear cells and neutrophils) were recorded. Alveoli contained erythrocytes.
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Publication Date: 1973-07-01 PubMed ID: 4764291PubMed Central: PMC1776115DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1973.tb08351.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates the impact of acute systemic anaphylaxis in horses. It studies histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and bradykinin effects on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of horses, and provides important insights into the physiological and observable changes during an anaphylactic episode.

Major Findings and Methodology

  • The researchers observed that small doses of histamine lead to systemic depressor responses in horses while larger doses cause biphasic effects. 5-HT is exclusively pressor while bradykinin is depressor. All three substances – histamine, 5-HT, and bradykinin – increased pulmonary artery pressure and lowered central venous pressure.
  • Acute anaphylaxis in horses resulted in severe systemic arterial depressor response, a pressor response in the pulmonary artery and vena cava, and alternating phases of apnea (cessation of breathing) and dyspnea (troubled breathing).
  • The team also observed profound haemoconcentration, leucopoenia (reduction in the number of white blood cells), thrombocytopoenia (decreased number of platelets), and hyperkalaemia (excess of potassium). They also detected increased plasma histamine levels, plasma kinin activity, and reduced 5-HT concentrations during early anaphylactic shock. However, overall blood histamine concentrations fell significantly later in the anaphylactic period correlating with severe leucopenia.
  • They saw no significant differences in tissue histamine concentration between ponies experiencing anaphylaxis and controls. Mast cell numbers remained unchanged, though the mast cells appeared more pink and there was evidence of mast cell granule spillage.

Gross Pathological Changes

  • Pathological changes during anaphylaxis were mostly visible in the lungs, which exhibited extensive edema (fluid accumulation) and congestion. Inflamed and edematous areas were also seen in the large colon and caecum. Other organs like the kidneys, spleen, and liver were engorged or filled with blood.
  • Respiratory complications like alveolar emphysema (damaged alveoli in the lungs), peribroncheolar edema (fluid accumulation around the bronchioles), the presence of mononuclear cells and neutrophils, and red blood cells in the alveoli were observed.

The study sheds light on the physiological responses and alterations in horses experiencing anaphylaxis, and aids in our understanding of the systemic complications that can arise from severe allergic reactions in equine subjects.

Cite This Article

APA
Eyre P, Lewis AJ. (1973). Acute systemic anaphylaxis in the horse. Br J Pharmacol, 48(3), 426-437. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1973.tb08351.x

Publication

British journal of pharmacology
ISSN: 0007-1188
NlmUniqueID: 7502536
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 48
Issue: 3
Pages: 426-437

Researcher Affiliations

Eyre, P
    Lewis, A J

      MeSH Terms

      • Anaphylaxis / chemically induced
      • Anaphylaxis / veterinary
      • Animals
      • Apnea / chemically induced
      • Blood Pressure / drug effects
      • Bradykinin / pharmacology
      • Cecum / pathology
      • Colon / pathology
      • Dyspnea / chemically induced
      • Female
      • Hemodynamics / drug effects
      • Histamine / blood
      • Histamine / pharmacology
      • Horse Diseases / chemically induced
      • Horses
      • Kidney / pathology
      • Liver / pathology
      • Male
      • Mast Cells / drug effects
      • Pulmonary Edema / pathology
      • Serotonin / blood
      • Serotonin / pharmacology
      • Spleen / pathology

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      Citations

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