FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Braz J Vet Med / Addition of synthetic polymer in the freezing solution of me...
Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine2023; 45; e002523; doi: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm002523

Addition of synthetic polymer in the freezing solution of mesenchymal stem cells from equine adipose tissue as a future perspective for reducing of DMSO concentration.

Abstract: The regenerative therapies with stem cells (SC) has been increased by the cryopreservation, permitting cell storage for extended periods. However, the permeating cryoprotectant agents (CPAs) such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) can cause severe adverse effects. Therefore, this study evaluated equine mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (eAT-MSCs) in fresh (Control) or after slow freezing (SF) in different freezing solutions (FS). The FS comprise DMSO and non-permeating CPAs [Trehalose (T) and the SuperCool X-1000 (X)] in association or not, totalizing seven different FS: (DMSO; T; X; DMSO+T; DMSO+X; T+X, and DMSO+T+X). Before and after cryopreservation were evaluated, viability, colony forming unit (CFU), and cellular differentiation capacity. After freezing-thawing, the viability of the eAT-MSCs reduced (P< 0.05) in all treatments compared to the control. However, the viability of frozen eAT-MSCs in DMSO (80.3 ± 0.6) was superior (P0.05) was observed between fresh and frozen cells. After freezing-thawing, the eAT-MSCs showed osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages differentiation potential. Nonetheless, despite the significative reduction in the osteogenic differentiation capacity between fresh and frozen cells, no differences (P > 0.05) were observed among FS. Furthermore, the number of chondrogenic differentiation cells frozen in DMSO+X solution reduced (P0.05) to the other FS. The adipogenic differentiation did not differ (P>0.05) among treatments. In conclusion, although these findings confirm the success of DMSO to cryopreserve eAT-MSCs, the Super Cool X-1000 could be a promise to reduce the DMSO concentration in a FS. As terapias regenerativas com células-tronco (CT) têm sido incrementadas pela criopreservação, permitindo o armazenamento celular. No entanto, os agentes crioprotetores (ACPs) penetrantes, como DMSO, podem causar efeitos adversos graves. Portanto, este estudo avaliou células-tronco mesenquimais equinas derivadas de tecido adiposo (CTM-TAe) (Controle) ou após congelamento lento (CL) em diferentes soluções de congelamento (SC). As SCs compreendem DMSO e ACPs não permeáveis [Trealose (T) e o SuperCool X-1000 (X)] associados ou não: (DMSO; T; X; DMSO+T; DMSO+X; T +X e DMSO+T+X). Antes e após a criopreservação foram avaliados, viabilidade, unidade formadora de colônia (UFC) e capacidade de diferenciação celular. Após o congelamento-descongelamento, a viabilidade das CTM-TAe reduziu (P< 0,05) em todos os tratamentos em relação ao controle. Entretanto, a viabilidade das CTM-TAe congeladas em DMSO (80,3 ± 0,6) foi superior (P0,05) entre células frescas e congeladas. Após congelamento-descongelamento, as CTM-TAe apresentaram potencial de diferenciação de linhagens osteogênicas, condrogênicas e adipogênicas. No entanto, apesar da redução significativa na capacidade de diferenciação osteogênica entre células frescas e congeladas, não foram observadas diferenças (P > 0,05) entre SCs. Além disso, o número de células de diferenciação condrogênica congeladas em solução de DMSO+X reduziu (P0,05) das demais SCs. A diferenciação adipogênica não diferiu (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos. Em conclusão, embora esses achados confirmem o sucesso do DMSO para criopreservar CTM-TAe, o Super Cool X-1000 pode ser uma promessa para reduzir a concentração de DMSO.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2023-12-27 PubMed ID: 38162818PubMed Central: PMC10756151DOI: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm002523Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Overview

  • This study investigated the use of different freezing solutions, including the addition of a synthetic polymer called SuperCool X-1000, to preserve equine mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (eAT-MSCs) during cryopreservation, with the goal of reducing the concentration of the commonly used but potentially harmful cryoprotectant DMSO.
  • The research evaluated cell viability, colony formation, and differentiation capacity after freezing with various freezing solutions to assess if synthetic polymers could partially replace or reduce DMSO usage without compromising cell quality.

Background and Purpose

  • Stem cell therapies often rely on cryopreservation to store cells for long periods.
  • Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) is the most commonly used permeating cryoprotectant but can cause severe adverse effects when used in high concentrations.
  • The study aimed to explore whether adding non-permeating cryoprotectants, specifically Trehalose and the synthetic polymer SuperCool X-1000, could maintain stem cell quality while reducing DMSO concentration.
  • The focus was on equine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (eAT-MSCs), important for regenerative therapies in veterinary medicine.

Experimental Design

  • eAT-MSCs were categorized as fresh (control) or subjected to slow freezing with seven different freezing solutions (FS):
    • DMSO alone
    • Trehalose (T) alone
    • SuperCool X-1000 (X) alone
    • DMSO + Trehalose (DMSO+T)
    • DMSO + SuperCool X-1000 (DMSO+X)
    • Trehalose + SuperCool X-1000 (T+X)
    • DMSO + Trehalose + SuperCool X-1000 (DMSO+T+X)
  • Outcomes measured before and after freezing included:
    • Cell viability
    • Colony forming units (CFUs), indicating the capacity for cell proliferation
    • Cellular differentiation potential into osteogenic (bone), chondrogenic (cartilage), and adipogenic (fat) lineages

Key Findings

  • Viability:
    • Cell viability decreased after freezing in all treatments compared to fresh cells.
    • DMSO alone showed the highest post-thaw viability (80.3 ± 0.6%), significantly better than other freezing solutions.
  • Colony Forming Units (CFUs):
    • No significant differences were found between fresh and frozen cells across treatments, indicating preserved proliferation capacity.
  • Differentiation capacity:
    • Frozen cells maintained the ability to differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages.
    • Osteogenic differentiation was significantly reduced in frozen cells compared to fresh but did not differ statistically across different freezing solutions.
    • Chondrogenic differentiation was significantly lower in cells frozen with DMSO + SuperCool X-1000 compared to control but was not statistically different from other freezing solutions.
    • Adipogenic differentiation showed no significant differences among treatments.

Interpretation and Implications

  • The study confirmed that DMSO remains the most effective single cryoprotectant for preserving viability and function of equine adipose-derived MSCs after slow freezing.
  • The synthetic polymer SuperCool X-1000 showed promise as an additive that could potentially reduce the concentration of DMSO needed in freezing solutions without significantly impairing key cell characteristics.
  • This is important because lowering DMSO concentration could reduce its toxic side effects in clinical or veterinary regenerative therapies.
  • Further research is required to optimize the concentrations and combinations of these cryoprotectants to improve frozen stem cell quality while minimizing adverse effects.

Conclusion

  • While DMSO-based freezing solutions are currently superior for cryopreserving equine adipose tissue-derived MSCs, the inclusion of SuperCool X-1000 as a synthetic polymer additive shows potential to decrease the reliance on DMSO.
  • This approach could lead to safer and more effective storage methods for stem cells intended for regenerative therapies.

Cite This Article

APA
Nascimento C, Saraiva MVA, Pereira VM, de Brito DCC, de Aguiar FLN, Alves BG, Roballo KCS, de Figueiredo JR, Ambrósio CE, Rodrigues APR. (2023). Addition of synthetic polymer in the freezing solution of mesenchymal stem cells from equine adipose tissue as a future perspective for reducing of DMSO concentration. Braz J Vet Med, 45, e002523. https://doi.org/10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm002523

Publication

Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine
ISSN: 2527-2179
NlmUniqueID: 9918435088106676
Country: Brazil
Language: English
Volume: 45
Pages: e002523
PII: e002523

Researcher Affiliations

Nascimento, Cátia
  • Veterinarian, MSc. Laboratório de Manipulação de Oócitos e Folículos Pré-Antrais Ovarianos (LAMOFOPA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
Saraiva, Márcia Viviane Alves
  • Veterinarian, DSc. Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido (UFERSA), Mossoró, RN, Brazil.
Pereira, Vitoria Mattos
  • Veterinarian, MSc. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
de Brito, Danielle Cristina Calado
  • Biologist, DSc. LAMOFOPA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
de Aguiar, Francisco Léo Nascimento
  • Veterinarian, DSc. Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba, Sousa, PB, Brazil.
Alves, Benner Geraldo
  • Veterinarian, DSc. Laboratório de Biologia da Reprodução, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
Roballo, Kelly Cristine Santos
  • Veterinarian, DSc. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
de Figueiredo, José Ricardo
  • Veterinarian, DSc. LAMOFOPA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
Ambrósio, Carlos Eduardo
  • Veterinarian, DSc. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Rodrigues, Ana Paula Ribeiro
  • Veterinarian, DSc. LAMOFOPA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.

Conflict of Interest Statement

Conflict of interests: No conflict of interest.

References

This article includes 50 references
  1. Badrzadeh H, Najmabadi S, Paymani R, Macaso T, Azadbadi Z, Ahmady A. Super cool X-1000 and Super cool Z-1000, two ice blockers, and their effect on vitrification/warming of mouse embryos.. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology 2010;151(1):70–71.
    doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.03.028pubmed: 20423751google scholar: lookup
  2. Bourin P, Bunnell BA, Casteilla L, Dominici M, Katz AJ, March KL, Redl H, Rubin JP, Yoshimura K, Gimble JM. Stromal cells from the adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction and culture expanded adipose tissue-derived stromal/stem cells: A joint statement of the International Federation for Adipose Therapeutics and Science (IFATS) and the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT). Cytotherapy 2013;15(6):641–648.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.02.006pmc: PMC3979435pubmed: 23570660google scholar: lookup
  3. Burk J, Ribitsch I, Gittel C, Juelke H, Kasper C, Staszyk C, Brehm W. Growth and differentiation characteristics of equine mesenchymal stromal cells derived from different sources.. Veterinary Journal 2013;195(1):98–106.
    doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.06.004pubmed: 22841420google scholar: lookup
  4. Caruso C, Rizzo C, Mangano S, Poli A, Di Donato P, Finore I, Nicolaus B, Di Marco G, Michaud L, Lo Giudice A. Production and biotechnological potential of extracellular polymeric substances from sponge-associated antarctic bacteria.. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2018;84(4):e01624-17.
    doi: 10.1128/AEM.01624-17pmc: PMC5795064pubmed: 29180360google scholar: lookup
  5. Castro SV, Carvalho AA, Silva CMG, Faustino LR, Figueiredo JR, Rodrigues APR. Intracellular cryoprotectant agents: Characteristics and use of ovarian tissue and oocyte cryopreservation.. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 2011;39:1–17.
  6. Chabot D, Tremblay T, Paré I, Bazin R, Loubaki L. Transient warming events occurring after freezing impairs umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells functionality.. Cytotherapy 2017;19(8):978–989.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.04.005pubmed: 28606762google scholar: lookup
  7. Chen Q, Shou P, Zheng C, Jiang M, Cao G, Yang Q, Cao J, Xie N, Velletri T, Zhang X, Xu C, Zhang L, Yang H, Hou J, Wang Y, Shi Y. Fate decision of mesenchymal stem cells: Adipocytes or osteoblasts?. Cell Death and Differentiation 2016;23(7):1128–1139.
    doi: 10.1038/cdd.2015.168pmc: PMC4946886pubmed: 26868907google scholar: lookup
  8. De Rosa A, De Francesco F, Tirino V, Ferraro GA, Desiderio V, Paino F, Pirozzi G, D’Andrea F, Papaccio G. A new method for cryopreserving adipose-derived stem cells: An attractive and suitable large-scale and long-term cell banking technology.. Tissue Engineering. Part C, Methods 2009;15(4):659–667.
    doi: 10.1089/ten.tec.2008.0674pubmed: 19254116google scholar: lookup
  9. Deller RC, Vatish M, Mitchell DA, Gibson MI. Synthetic polymers enable non-vitreous cellular cryopreservation by reducing ice crystal growth during thawing.. Nature Communications 2014;5(1):3244.
    doi: 10.1038/ncomms4244pubmed: 24488146google scholar: lookup
  10. Dominici M, Le Blanc K, Mueller I, Slaper-Cortenbach I, Marini FC, Krause DS, Deans RJ, Keating A, Prockop DJ, Horwitz EM. Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells: The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement.. Cytotherapy 2006;8(4):315–317.
    doi: 10.1080/14653240600855905pubmed: 16923606google scholar: lookup
  11. Durgam S, Stewart M. Evidence supporting intralesional stem cell therapy to improve equine flexor tendon healing.. Vet. Evid. 2017;2(1).
    doi: 10.18849/ve.v2i1.50google scholar: lookup
  12. Elliott GD, Wang S, Fuller BJ. Cryoprotectants: A review of the actions and applications of cryoprotective solutes that modulate cell recovery from ultra-low temperatures.. Cryobiology 2017;76:74–91.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.04.004pubmed: 28428046google scholar: lookup
  13. Feitosa MLT, Sarmento CAP, Bocabello RZ, Beltrão-Braga PCB, Pignatari GC, Giglio RF, Miglino MA, Orlandin JR, Ambrósio CE. Transplantation of human immature dental pulp stem cell in dogs with chronic spinal cord injury.. Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 2017;32(7):540–549.
    doi: 10.1590/s0102-865020170070000005pubmed: 28793038google scholar: lookup
  14. Frisbie DD, Smith RKW. Clinical update on the use of mesenchymal stem cells in equine orthopaedics.. Equine Veterinary Journal 2010;42(1):86–89.
    doi: 10.2746/042516409X477263pubmed: 20121921google scholar: lookup
  15. Fülber J, Maria DA, Silva LCLC, Massoco CO, Agreste F, Baccarin RYA. Comparative study of equine mesenchymal stem cells from healthy and injured synovial tissues: An in vitro assessment.. Stem Cell Research & Therapy 2016;7(1):35.
    doi: 10.1186/s13287-016-0294-3pmc: PMC4779201pubmed: 26944403google scholar: lookup
  16. Ginani F, Soares D M, Barboza C A G. Influência de um protocolo de criopreservação no rendimento in vitro de células-tronco derivadas do tecido adiposo.. Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia Plástica 2012;27(3):359–363.
    doi: 10.1590/S1983-51752012000300004google scholar: lookup
  17. Gonçalves N N, Ambrósio C E, Piedrahita J A. Stem Cells and regenerative medicine in domestic and companion animals: A multispecies perspective.. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 2014;49(Suppl. 4):2–10.
    doi: 10.1111/rda.12392pubmed: 25277427google scholar: lookup
  18. Gurruchaga H, Ciriza J, Saenz del Burgo L, Rodriguez-Madoz J R, Santos E, Prosper F, Hernández R M, Orive G, Pedraz J L. Cryopreservation of microencapsulated murine mesenchymal stem cells genetically engineered to secrete erythropoietin.. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 2015;485(1-2):15–24.
    doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.02.047pubmed: 25708005google scholar: lookup
  19. Hackett C H, Fortier L A. Embryonic stem cells and iPS cells: Sources and characteristics.. The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice 2011;27(2):233–242.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2011.04.003pmc: PMC3479634pubmed: 21872756google scholar: lookup
  20. Jo C H, Lee Y G, Shin W H, Kim H, Chai J W, Jeong E C, Kim J E, Shim H, Shin J S, Shin I S, Ra J C, Oh S, Yoon K S. Intra-articular injection of mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: A proof-of-concept clinical trial.. Stem Cells 2014;32(5):1254–1266.
    doi: 10.1002/stem.1634pubmed: 24449146google scholar: lookup
  21. Kaplan A, Sackett K, Sumstad D, Kadidlo D, McKenna D H. Impact of starting material (fresh versus cryopreserved marrow) on mesenchymal stem cell culture.. Transfusion 2017;57(9):2216–2219.
    doi: 10.1111/trf.14192pubmed: 28653392google scholar: lookup
  22. Khodadadi K, Sumer H, Pashaiasl M, Lim S, Williamson M, Verma P J. Induction of pluripotency in adult equine fibroblasts without c-MYC.. Stem Cells International 2012;2012:429160.
    doi: 10.1155/2012/429160pmc: PMC3328202pubmed: 22550508google scholar: lookup
  23. Koga H, Muneta T, Ju Y-J, Nagase T, Nimura A, Mochizuki T, Ichinose S, von der Mark K, Sekiya I. Synovial stem cells are regionally specified according to local microenvironments after implantation for cartilage regeneration.. Stem Cells 2007;25(3):689–696.
    doi: 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0281pubmed: 17138960google scholar: lookup
  24. Maia L, Dias M C, Moraes C N, Freitas-Dell’Aqua C P, Mota L S, Santiloni V, Cruz Landim-Alvarenga F. Conditioned medium: A new alternative for cryopreservation of equine umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells.. Cell Biology International 2017;41(3):239–248.
    doi: 10.1002/cbin.10708pubmed: 27888544google scholar: lookup
  25. Mambelli L I, Santos E J C, Frazão P J R, Chaparro M B, Kerkis A, Zoppa A L V, Kerkis I. Characterization of equine adipose tissue-derived progenitor cells before and after cryopreservation.. Tissue Engineering. Part C, Methods 2009;15(1):87–94.
    doi: 10.1089/ten.tec.2008.0186pubmed: 19196122google scholar: lookup
  26. Martinetti D, Colarossi C, Buccheri S, Denti G, Memeo L, Vicari L. Effect of trehalose on cryopreservation of pure peripheral blood stem cells.. Biomedical Reports 2017;6(3):314–318.
    doi: 10.3892/br.2017.859pmc: PMC5403297pubmed: 28451392google scholar: lookup
  27. Meryman H T. Cryopreservation of living cells: Principles and practice.. Transfusion 2007;47(5):935–945.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01212.xpubmed: 17465961google scholar: lookup
  28. Mitchell A, Rivas K A, Smith III R, Watts A E. Cryopreservation of equine mesenchymal stem cells in 95% autologous serum and 5% DMSO does not alter post-thaw growth or morphology in vitro compared to fetal bovine serum or allogeneic serum at 20 or 95% and DMSO at 10 or 5%. Stem Cell Research & Therapy 2015;6(1):231.
    doi: 10.1186/s13287-015-0230-ypmc: PMC4661990pubmed: 26611913google scholar: lookup
  29. Montano Vizcarra D A, Silva Y S, Bruno J B, Brito D C C, Berrocal D D, Silva L M, Morais M L G S, Alves B G, Alves K A, Cibin F W S, Figueiredo J R, Zelinski M B, Rodrigues A P R. Use of synthetic polymers improves the quality of vitrified caprine preantral follicles in the ovarian tissue.. Acta Histochemica 2020;122(2):151484.
    doi: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.151484pubmed: 31902536google scholar: lookup
  30. Motta J P R, Paraguassú-Braga F H, Bouzas L F, Porto L C. Evaluation of intracellular and extracellular trehalose as a cryoprotectant of stem cells obtained from umbilical cord blood.. Cryobiology 2014;68(3):343–348.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2014.04.007pubmed: 24769312google scholar: lookup
  31. Naaldijk Y, Staude M, Fedorova V, Stolzing A. Effect of different freezing rates during cryopreservation of rat mesenchymal stem cells using combinations of hydroxyethyl starch and dimethylsulfoxide. BMC Biotechnology 2012;12(1):49.
    doi: 10.1186/1472-6750-12-49pmc: PMC3465236pubmed: 22889198google scholar: lookup
  32. Thitilertdecha P, Lohsiriwat V, Poungpairoj P, Tantithavorn V, Onlamoon N. Extensive Characterization of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Marker Expression on Freshly Isolated and In Vitro Expanded Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells from Breast Cancer Patients. Stem Cells Int 2020.
    doi: 10.1155/2020/8237197pmc: PMC7320289pubmed: 32655648google scholar: lookup
  33. Ranera B, Lyahyai J, Romero A, Vázquez FJ, Remacha AR, Bernal ML, Zaragoza P, Rodellar C, Martín-Burriel I. Immunophenotype and gene expression profiles of cell surface markers of mesenchymal stem cells derived from equine bone marrow and adipose tissue. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 2011;144(1-2):147–154.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.06.033pubmed: 21782255google scholar: lookup
  34. Renzi S, Lombardo T, Dotti S, Dessì SS, De Blasio P, Ferrari M. Mesenchymal stromal cell cryopreservation. Biopreservation and Biobanking 2012;10(3):276–281.
    doi: 10.1089/bio.2012.0005pubmed: 24835066google scholar: lookup
  35. Ribeiro G, Massoco CO, Lacerda Neto. Viabilidade celular da fração mononuclear da medula óssea e fração vascular estromal do tecido adiposo de equinos após o processo de congelamento e descongelamento. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 2012;32(Suppl. 1):118–124.
    doi: 10.1590/S0100-736X2012001300020google scholar: lookup
  36. Rodrigues JP, Paraguassú-Braga FH, Carvalho L, Abdelhay E, Bouzas LF, Porto LC. Evaluation of trehalose and sucrose as cryoprotectants for hematopoietic stem cells of umbilical cord blood. Cryobiology 2008;56(2):144–151.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2008.01.003pubmed: 18313656google scholar: lookup
  37. Sauer-Heilborn A, Kadidlo D, McCullough J. Patient care during infusion of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Transfusion 2004;44(6):907–916.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2004.03230.xpubmed: 15157259google scholar: lookup
  38. Sharma RR, Pollock K, Hubel A, McKenna D. Mesenchymal stem or stromal cells: A review of clinical applications and manufacturing practices. Transfusion 2014;54(5):1418–1437.
    doi: 10.1111/trf.12421pmc: PMC6364749pubmed: 24898458google scholar: lookup
  39. Shu Z, Heimfeld S, Gao D. Hematopoietic SCT with cryopreserved grafts: Adverse reactions after transplantation and cryoprotectant removal before infusion. Bone Marrow Transplantation 2014;49(4):469–476.
    doi: 10.1038/bmt.2013.152pmc: PMC4420483pubmed: 24076548google scholar: lookup
  40. Silva AAR, Rodrigues CG, Silva MB. Avanços tecnológicos na criopreservação de células-tronco e tecidos, aplicados à terapia celular. Revista Bioética 2017;17:13–18.
  41. Solocinski J, Osgood Q, Wang M, Connolly A, Menze MA, Chakraborty N. Effect of trehalose as an additive to dimethyl sulfoxide solutions on ice formation, cellular viability, and metabolism. Cryobiology 2017;75:134–143.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.01.001pubmed: 28063960google scholar: lookup
  42. Sousa WB. Criopreservação de células tronco e suas aplicações. Revista Brasileira de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação 2014;1(1):45–56.
    doi: 10.18554/rbcti.v1i1.737google scholar: lookup
  43. Ting AY, Yeoman RR, Campos JR, Lawson MS, Mullen SF, Fahy GM, Zelinski MB. Morphological and functional preservation of pre-antral follicles after vitrification of macaque ovarian tissue in a closed system. Human Reproduction 2013;28(5):1267–1279.
    doi: 10.1093/humrep/det032pmc: PMC3627338pubmed: 23427232google scholar: lookup
  44. Trela JM, Spriet M, Padgett KA, Galuppo LD, Vaughan B, Vidal MA. Scintigraphic comparison of intra-arterial injection and distal intravenous regional limb perfusion for administration of mesenchymal stem cells to the equine foot. Equine Veterinary Journal 2014;46(4):479–483.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.12137pubmed: 23834199google scholar: lookup
  45. Vidal MA, Kilroy GE, Lopez MJ, Johnson JR, Moore RM, Gimble JM. Characterization of equine adipose tissue-derived stromal cells: Adipogenic and osteogenic capacity and comparison with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Veterinary Surgery 2007;36(7):613–622.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2007.00313.xpubmed: 17894587google scholar: lookup
  46. Vidane AS, Pinheiro AO, Casals JB, Passarelli D, Hage M, Bueno RS, Martins DS, Ambrósio CE. Transplantation of amniotic membrane-derived multipotent cells ameliorates and delays the progression of chronic kidney disease in cats.. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 2017;52(Suppl. 2):316–326.
    doi: 10.1111/rda.12846pubmed: 27774657google scholar: lookup
  47. Vidane AS, Zomer HD, Oliveira BMM, Guimarães CF, Fernandes CB, Perecin F, Silva LA, Miglino MA, Meirelles FV, Ambrósio CE. Reproductive stem cell differentiation: Extracellular matrix, tissue microenvironment, and growth factors direct the mesenchymal stem cell lineage commitment.. Reproductive Sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) 2013;20(10):1137–1143.
    doi: 10.1177/1933719113477484pubmed: 23420825google scholar: lookup
  48. Windrum P, Morris TCM, Drake MB, Niederwieser D, Ruutu T. Variation in dimethyl sulfoxide use in stem cell transplantation: A survey of EBMT centres.. Bone Marrow Transplantation 2005;36(7):601–603.
    doi: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705100pubmed: 16044141google scholar: lookup
  49. Wowk B, Leitl E, Rasch CM, Mesbah-Karimi N, Harris SB, Fahy GM. Vitrification enhancement by synthetic ice blocking agents.. Cryobiology 2000;40(3):228–236.
    doi: 10.1006/cryo.2000.2243pubmed: 10860622google scholar: lookup
  50. Zomer HD, Vidane AS, Gonçalves NN, Ambrósio CE. Mesenchymal and induced pluripotent stem cells: General insights and clinical perspectives.. Stem Cells and Cloning: Advances and Applications 2015;8:125–134.
    doi: 10.2147/SCCAA.S88036pmc: PMC4592031pubmed: 26451119google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 0 times.
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,075 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.