Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Age-related changes in serum insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor-I binding protein-3 and articular cartilage structure in Thoroughbred horses.
Abstract: Structural changes in articular cartilage associated with the ageing process require definition for investigators performing developmental and age-related studies, for which information is lacking. Objective: To 1) determine the onset and end of puberty as defined by serum insulin like growth factor (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) concentrations and 2) correlate articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex structural changes with the onset and end of puberty. Methods: IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were measured in serum samples from normal female and male horses age 9-715 days to determine peak and steady-state values for horses transitioning through puberty. Osteochondral tissue sections were obtained from horses age 120-840 days (4-28 months) and examined histologically for cartilage canals and tidemark formation. Results: In male and female horses, serum IGF-I/IGFBP-3 concentrations peaked at approximately 225 days, defining the onset of puberty. Cartilage canals were absent from articular cartilage just prior to this time point. IGF-I/IGFBP-3 concentrations declined to steady-state levels at approximately age 450 days, signalling exit from puberty and therefore the beginning of ageing. This time point correlated to initial formation of a tidemark in the osteochondral tissue sections. Conclusions: Horses may be considered pubescent at age 225-450 days, and post pubescent and ageing after age 450 days. Conclusions: Defining the normal post natal to post pubescent concentrations for serum IGF-I and serum IGFBP-3 establishes subsets of animals for age-related studies and may be used to monitor horses for abnormally high IGF-I concentrations due to natural disease or subsequent to systemic growth hormone administration.
Publication Date: 2005-01-18 PubMed ID: 15651732DOI: 10.2746/0425164054406838Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research article highlights how serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) concentrations’ changes correlate with structural changes in articular cartilage in Thoroughbred horses during the onset and end of puberty. It indicates that horses are considered pubescent between 225-450 days and begin aging thereafter. These findings can be useful for age-related studies and monitoring horses for abnormally high IGF-I levels due to natural disease or systemic growth hormone administration.
Research Objective
- The main aim of this study was two-fold: Firstly, it sought to determine the onset and end of puberty in Thoroughbred horses by observing concentrations of serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3. Secondly, these hormonal changes were correlated with structural changes in the articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex taking place during the same timeframe.
Methods
- The researchers measured IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in serum samples from normal female and male horses aged between 9-715 days. This was done to find peak and steady-state values for horses transitioning through puberty.
- They also obtained osteochondral tissue sections from horses aged 120-840 days and examined them histologically for cartilage canal and tidemark formation, which are indications of structural changes in cartilage linked to aging.
Results
- The study found that in male and female horses, serum IGF-I/IGFBP-3 concentrations peaked at approximately 225 days, indicating the onset of puberty. Cartilage canals were no longer prevalent in the horses’ articular cartilage slightly before this point.
- The steady-state levels of IGF-I/IGFBP-3 were reached at approximately age 450 days, which signaled the end of puberty and the beginning of ageing. This point also correlated with the initial formation of a tidemark in the examined osteochondral tissue sections.
Conclusions
- The age range of 225-450 days can be considered the pubescent period for horses, with the post-pubescent and ageing period commencing after 450 days.
- Defining the normal post-natal to post-pubescent serum concentrations for IGF-I and IGFBP-3 makes it possible to establish subsets of animals for age-related studies.
- These findings can also be useful in monitoring horses for abnormally high IGF-I levels, which could indicate natural diseases or be a result of systemic growth hormone administration.
Cite This Article
APA
Fortier LA, Kornatowski MA, Mohammed HO, Jordan MT, O'Cain LC, Stevens WB.
(2005).
Age-related changes in serum insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor-I binding protein-3 and articular cartilage structure in Thoroughbred horses.
Equine Vet J, 37(1), 37-42.
https://doi.org/10.2746/0425164054406838 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Age Factors
- Aging / blood
- Aging / metabolism
- Aging / physiology
- Animals
- Biomarkers / blood
- Biomarkers / metabolism
- Cartilage, Articular / growth & development
- Cartilage, Articular / pathology
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Female
- Horses / blood
- Horses / metabolism
- Horses / physiology
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / blood
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / metabolism
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / metabolism
- Male
- Sexual Maturation / physiology
Citations
This article has been cited 13 times.- Fradinho MJ, Mateus L, Bernardes N, Bessa RJB, Caldeira RM, Ferreira-Dias G. Growth patterns, metabolic indicators and osteoarticular status in the Lusitano horse: A longitudinal study. PLoS One 2019;14(7):e0219900.
- Cassano JM, Schnabel LV, Goodale MB, Fortier LA. Inflammatory licensed equine MSCs are chondroprotective and exhibit enhanced immunomodulation in an inflammatory environment. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018 Apr 3;9(1):82.
- Bryan K, McGivney BA, Farries G, McGettigan PA, McGivney CL, Gough KF, MacHugh DE, Katz LM, Hill EW. Equine skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise and training: evidence of differential regulation of autophagosomal and mitochondrial components. BMC Genomics 2017 Aug 9;18(1):595.
- Baskerville CL, Bamford NJ, Harris PA, Bailey SR. Comparison and validation of ELISA assays for plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 in the horse. Open Vet J 2017;7(1):75-80.
- Wilson B, Novakofski KD, Donocoff RS, Liang YX, Fortier LA. Telomerase Activity in Articular Chondrocytes Is Lost after Puberty. Cartilage 2014 Oct;5(4):215-20.
- Hurtig MB, Buschmann MD, Fortier LA, Hoemann CD, Hunziker EB, Jurvelin JS, Mainil-Varlet P, McIlwraith CW, Sah RL, Whiteside RA. Preclinical Studies for Cartilage Repair: Recommendations from the International Cartilage Repair Society. Cartilage 2011 Apr;2(2):137-52.
- Baccarin RY, Pereira MA, Roncati NV, Bergamaschi RR, Hagen SC. Development of osteochondrosis in Lusitano foals: a radiographic study. Can Vet J 2012 Oct;53(10):1079-84.
- Khan IM, Francis L, Theobald PS, Perni S, Young RD, Prokopovich P, Conlan RS, Archer CW. In vitro growth factor-induced bio engineering of mature articular cartilage. Biomaterials 2013 Feb;34(5):1478-87.
- Verwilghen DR, Vanderheyden L, Franck T, Busoni V, Enzerink E, Gangl M, Lejeune JP, van Galen G, Grulke S, Serteyn D. Variations of plasmatic concentrations of Insulin-like Growth Factor-I in post-pubescent horses affected with developmental osteochondral lesions. Vet Res Commun 2009 Oct;33(7):701-9.
- Asanbaeva A, Masuda K, Thonar EJ, Klisch SM, Sah RL. Regulation of immature cartilage growth by IGF-I, TGF-beta1, BMP-7, and PDGF-AB: role of metabolic balance between fixed charge and collagen network. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2008 Aug;7(4):263-76.
- Lejeune JP, Franck T, Gangl M, Schneider N, Michaux C, Deby-Dupont G, Serteyn D. Plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in growing Ardenner horses suffering from juvenile digital degenerative osteoarthropathy. Vet Res Commun 2007 Feb;31(2):185-95.
- Fortier LA, Miller BJ. Signaling through the small G-protein Cdc42 is involved in insulin-like growth factor-I resistance in aging articular chondrocytes. J Orthop Res 2006 Aug;24(8):1765-72.
- Chen M, Jiang Z, Zou X, You X, Cai Z, Huang J. Advancements in tissue engineering for articular cartilage regeneration. Heliyon 2024 Feb 15;10(3):e25400.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
