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Alpha2 Antagonist Vatinoxan Does Not Abolish the Preconditioning Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Experimental Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Equine Small Intestine.
Abstract: Pharmacological preconditioning with dexmedetomidine has been shown to ameliorate intestinal ischaemia reperfusion injury in different species, including horses. However, it remains unknown if this effect is related to alpha2 adrenoreceptor activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of dexmedetomidine preconditioning with and without the administration of the peripheral alpha2 antagonist vatinoxan. This prospective randomized experimental trial included 12 horses equally divided between two treatment groups. Horses in group Dex received a bolus of dexmedetomidine followed by a continuous rate infusion (CRI), while group DexV additionally received vatinoxan as bolus and CRI. A median laparotomy was performed under general anaesthesia, and jejunal ischaemia was applied for 90 min, followed by 30 min of reperfusion. Mucosal damage was evaluated in full thickness biopsies by use of a semiquantitative mucosal injury score and by determining the apoptotic cell counts with immunohistochemical staining for cleaved caspase-3 and TUNEL. Comparisons between the groups and time points were performed using non-parametric tests (p < 0.05). During pre-ischaemia and ischaemia, no differences could be found in mucosal injury between the groups. After reperfusion, group DexV showed lower mucosal injury scores compared to group Dex. The apoptotic cell counts did not differ between the groups. In conclusion, antagonizing the peripheral alpha2 adrenoreceptors did not negatively affect dexmedetomidine preconditioning.
Publication Date: 2023-08-30 PubMed ID: 37685019PubMed Central: PMC10486550DOI: 10.3390/ani13172755Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
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This research study aimed to understand whether the alpha-2 antagonist, Vatinoxan, impacts the protective effects of Dexmedetomidine on intestinal injury in horses caused by ischaemia-reperfusion. Results suggest that Vatinoxan does not negate Dexmedetomidine’s protective preconditioning effects.
Study Design and Method
- Twelve horses were involved in this controlled experiment, separated equally into two groups, each assigned a different treatment regimen.
- The first group (referred to as group Dex) received an initial dose of Dexmedetomidine, followed by continuous rate infusion (CRI), while the second group (group DexV) received Vatinoxan along with Dexmedetomidine as a bolus and in CRI form.
- Each horse was then subjected to a median laparotomy, a surgical procedure performed under general anesthesia. A jejunal ischaemia was applied for 90 minutes, stimulating a brief period of reduced blood supply to the intestine, followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion where blood flow was reestablished.
Analysis of Mucosal Damage
- To evaluate the extent of intestine injury caused by ischaemia-reperfusion, full thickness biopsy samples were taken from the horses’ jejuna and analyzed.
- Mucosal damage was assessed by a semi-quantitative injury score and observing apoptotic (cell death) counts via staining for cleaved caspase-3 and TUNEL, two methods used for detecting apoptosis.
- The researchers applied non-parametric tests to compare differences between group Dex and DexV at different time points.
Results and Interpretation
- During the pre-ischaemia and ischaemia phases, no discernible difference in mucosal damage was observed between the two groups.
- However, after the reperfusion phase, group DexV exhibited significantly lower mucosal injury scores compared to group Dex.
- Interestingly, even as DexV showed less mucosal damage, no differences in apoptotic cell counts were found between the two groups.
- The findings suggest that blocking the peripheral alpha adrenoreceptors with Vatinoxan did not negatively affect the Dexmedetomidine’s protective preconditioning effect on ischaemia-reperfusion injury. This conclusion strengthens the understanding that Dexmedetomidine’s beneficial properties may not primarily be influenced by peripheral alpha adrenoreceptors, a previously hypothesized mechanism.
Cite This Article
APA
Verhaar N, Kopp V, Pfarrer C, Neudeck S, König K, Rohn K, Kästner S.
(2023).
Alpha2 Antagonist Vatinoxan Does Not Abolish the Preconditioning Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Experimental Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Equine Small Intestine.
Animals (Basel), 13(17).
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13172755 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
- Department of Biometry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
Grant Funding
- 491094227 / Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- NA / University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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