Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI.
Publisher:
Molecular Diversity Preservation International,
Frequency: Quarterly
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Start Year:2010 -
ISSN:
2076-2615 (Electronic)
2076-2615 (Linking)
2076-2615 (Linking)
Impact Factor
4.2
2022
| NLM ID: | 101635614 |
| (OCoLC): | 667255765 |
| LCCN: | 2012254619 |
Pharmacokinetics of Sulfasalazine and the Temporal Profiles of Sulfapyridine and Its Metabolites Following Nasogastric Administration in Six Healthy Adult Horses. Sulfasalazine is an azo-linked prodrug of sulfapyridine and 5-aminosalicylic acid that is activated by bacterial azoreductases in the distal gut. Its disposition has not been described in horses, in which extensive hindgut fermentation may influence prodrug activation. This study characterised the concentration-time profile of sulfasalazine and the appearance of sulfapyridine, 5-hydroxy-sulfapyridine and N-acetyl-sulfapyridine after a single oral dose. Six healthy adult Warmblood horses received sulfasalazine (16 mg/kg) by nasogastric tube, and blood was sampled hourly for 14 h. Sulfasalazine ...
Analysis of Factors Affecting Pregnancy Rate After Artificial Insemination in Lusitano Broodmares. Artificial insemination (AI) is widely used in the horse breeding industry, but its success is often limited by different factors. Our objective was to assess the importance of various factors affecting fertility after AI, using field data collected in 125 mares over a period of 20 years, corresponding to a total of 860 mare-year combinations. The criteria defined for measuring fertility were: (1) pregnancy rate per breeding season; (2) pregnancy diagnosed at the 14th day on the first cycle and (3) number of cycles needed for a mare to become pregnant. Statistical analyses were performed using...
Inter-Reader and Inter-Modality Agreement for Radiographic and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Subchondral Bone Assessment in the Equine Proximal Phalanx Is Location- and Pattern-Dependent. Standing low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used for subchondral bone (SCB) assessment of the equine proximal phalanx, but radiography remains the most common first-line imaging modality, and no direct comparison between the two is available for SCB sclerosis and resorption. Fifty-four fetlocks from 52 horses referred for standing MRI were retrospectively assessed at the medial glenoid, sagittal groove and lateral glenoid, using an ordinal scale for sclerosis and a four-type nominal classification for resorption. Seven readers of varied clinical backgrounds performed independ...
Assessment of Oral Mucosal Colour in Horses: Initial Application of the Uldahl Standard Across Physiological States. Assessment of oral mucosal colour is widely used in equine clinical and welfare evaluations, but inconsistent terminology limits comparison between clinical observations and research studies. This study evaluates, as an initial proof-of-concept, the Uldahl Standard for systematically describing mucosal colour and saturation. Gingival and lingual mucosae were assessed in clinically normal horses, healthy horses sedated for routine dental procedures, and horses with severe systemic circulatory compromise. Photographic colour samples validated against in vivo observations were classified using Mu...
Estimated Breeding Values for Monetary Earnings and Cutting Points in Brazilian Quarter Horses. In the Brazilian Quarter Horse (QH), cutting points (CP) and monetary earnings (ME) are key success indicators, yet their genetic parameters remain unestablished. This study estimated heritability and breeding values for these traits to guide breeding decisions. Performance data from 1661 QHs competing in official Brazilian cutting events between 1981 and 2020 were analyzed for three traits: total lifetime cutting points (CPt), cutting points at four years of age (CP4), and lifetime monetary earnings (ME). Variance components and genetic parameters were estimated using single-trait Bayesian an...
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of the Kustanay Horse Breed Based on 16 STR Markers. The Kustanay horse is a riding breed developed in Kazakhstan whose genetic diversity and differentiation remain insufficiently studied. We assessed genetic diversity and population structure using 16 autosomal STR loci from a 17-locus panel comprising 12 ISAG core markers. Of 765 genotyped horses, 703 remained after excluding duplicate records and close relatives; the X-linked LEX3 locus was excluded from population analyses. Five groups were studied: registered Kustanay (KST, n = 32), Kustanay from Qazaq Tulpary (KT, n = 36), Thoroughbred (TB, n = 31), Kustanay crossbred (CROSS, n = 9), and u...
Ultrasound-Guided Two-Point Transversus Abdominis Plane in Adult Horses: An Experimental Study Assessing Wall Sensitivity. Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane blocks may provide somatic analgesia for equine abdominal procedures, but evidence in adult horses remains limited. This prospective, blinded, randomized, paired study evaluated the feasibility, sensory effects, and motor effects of a two-point transversus abdominis plane block in eight healthy, standing, unsedated mares. Each horse received lidocaine 2% (2 mg/kg in 0.1 mL/kg per injection site) on one side and saline on the contralateral side. Responses to standardized mechanical stimulation were assessed at 21 sensory evaluation points per side f...
Evaluation of Digital Tomosynthesis for Detecting Articular Cartilage Lesions in Equine Distal Interphalangeal and Metacarpophalangeal Joints: Comparison with Computed Tomography Arthrography. Conventional radiography has limited sensitivity for detecting equine cartilage lesions. This prospective ex vivo study compared digital tomosynthesis (DT), computed tomography (CT), digital tomosynthesis arthrography (DTA), and computed tomography arthrography (CTA) for detecting artificial and naturally occurring partial- and full-thickness cartilage lesions in distal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints. Sixteen distal forelimbs from nine horses were examined under simulated weight-bearing (SWB) and non-weight-bearing (NWB) conditions. Three blinded observers evaluated 24 regions ...
Feasibility of Serum and Faecal Interleukin Assessment in Equine Surgical Colic: A Pilot Study. Cytokines may provide information about inflammation in equine colic, but their clinical relevance remains uncertain. This pilot study assessed short-term changes in serum and faecal interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in eight horses undergoing colic surgery and compared measurements with six healthy controls. Colic horses were sampled at admission (D0), 24 h (D1) and day 7 (D7); controls provided serum at D0 and faeces at all three time points. Cytokines were assayed using MILLIPLEX and MAGPIX. Admission faeces were unavailable from 3/8 colic horses (37.5%). Serum IL-1β and IL-6 were below ...
De Novo Genome Assemblies of Kazakh Horses: Adai, Zhabe, Mugalzhar and Naiman. Kazakh horses represent an important cultural heritage of the Kazakh people, shaped over thousands of years across the territory of present-day Kazakhstan. Long-term adaptation to extreme natural conditions has led to the development of a unique set of characteristics that ensure the high survivability, ecological plasticity and economic value of these horses. Long- and short-read sequencing was performed for three breeds (Adai, Zhabe, Mugalzhar), while Naiman was sequenced exclusively with nanopore long-read data. The resulting reads were assembled, and the genomes were subsequently annotated...
Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Concentration in Peritoneal Fluid of Horses with and Without Strongyle Infection. Strongyle infections are common in horses and can cause clinically relevant disease, yet their associated inflammatory responses remain incompletely understood. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), a key mediator of extracellular matrix degradation and inflammation, has been proposed as a biomarker in various equine diseases. This study investigated whether strongyle infection is associated with increased MMP-9 concentrations in equine peritoneal fluid (PF). A total of 83 horses presenting with colic, weight loss, or faecal water were included, and strongyle infection was determined semi-quanti...
Human-Horse Neuromuscular Coordination Across Sequential Conditions During Physical Therapy Utilizing Equine Movement in Parkinson’s Disease. This exploratory, single-session, repeated-measures study characterized human and equine trunk muscle activity and human-horse EMG covariation during physical therapy utilizing equine movement in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Nine individuals with PD and three horses completed pre-session quiet sitting (QS Pre), figure-eight riding (F8), stop-and-go riding (SNG), and post-session quiet sitting (QS Post). Bilateral surface EMG was recorded from three human and four equine trunk muscles. All analyses were exploratory and examined four outcomes: normalized EMG amplitude, zero-lag hum...
Cranial Shape Variation in Adult Kyrgyz Horses: Associations with Size and Sex. Cranial diversity within indigenous horse populations remains incompletely characterized. Cranial shape variation and its associations with skull size and sex were investigated in 37 adult Kyrgyz horses aged 4-5 years (18 females and 19 males). Three-dimensional configurations of 25 cranial landmarks were evaluated using Procrustes alignment, principal component analysis, and permutation-based multivariate models. Skull size was quantified using centroid size calculated from the landmark configurations. The first two principal components represented 29.41% of shape variance, with changes distr...
Teaching Direction Control in Horse Riding: A Pre-Post Intervention Proof-of-Concept Study Using Multi-Modal Motor Learning Techniques. Many riders experience persistent communication problems with their horses, particularly in controlling speed and direction, despite extensive training. This proof-of-concept study employed a pre-test-post-test intervention design to examine the effectiveness of the Four-Step Riding Programme (FSRP) in developing clear rider-horse body language for direction control. Multi-modal motor learning techniques (MMLTs) were applied to five rider-horse dyads during four one-hour lessons to teach coordinated movement patterns necessary for directional accuracy. Rider-horse communication was evaluated b...
Clinical Efficacy of Varying Dosages of Intravenous Phenylbutazone in a Reversible Model of Equine Foot Lameness. The objective of this experiment was to compare the clinical efficacy of various dosages of phenylbutazone (PBZ) with a negative control. The hypothesis was that higher PBZ doses would result in improved efficacy in a dose-dependent manner. Eight horses were shod with adjustable heart bar shoes on one front foot. Grade 4.0/5.0 lameness was induced every 2 to 4 weeks by tightening a set screw against the heart bar. Heart rate (HR) and lameness score (LS) were monitored at rest; every 20 min after lameness induction for 5 h; and hourly for another 8 h. One hour after lameness induction, treatmen...
Proof of Concept for Open Flow Microperfusion for Intratumoural Drug Administration in Equine Cutaneous Neoplasia. Intratumoural drug delivery can achieve high local therapeutic exposure while limiting systemic effects, but heterogeneous distribution may compromise treatment efficacy and precision. This proof-of-concept study investigated open flow microperfusion (OFM) as a novel platform for local delivery of tigilanol tiglate (TT), an intratumoural antineoplastic agent with immunomodulatory and vascular-disrupting effects. Four horses with histologically confirmed cutaneous neoplasia (three sarcoids and one squamous cell carcinoma) underwent OFM using TT concentrations of 0.01-0.04 mg/mL delivered at 9 ...
Measuring the Rider-Horse Dyad Across Olympic Equestrian Disciplines: A Scoping Review of Methodological Gaps and Priorities for Show Jumping. (1) Background: Rider-horse coordination underpins equestrian performance; yet, its definition, quantitative indicators, and measurement methods remain inconsistent across Olympic disciplines. This scoping review mapped the constructs, metrics, and measurement approaches in dressage, show jumping, eventing, and transferable equestrian contexts, with show jumping as the principal application context. (2) Methods: Following PRISMA-ScR guidance and a Population-Concept-Context framework, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and PubMed were searched from database inception to 10 September 2026....
Unveiling Equine Pathologies from an Iron Age Ritual Deposit: Health, Management and Biomechanical Stress in the Protohistoric Horses of Casas del Turuñuelo (Badajoz, Spain). Equids played a central economic and symbolic role in Iberian Iron Age society, yet little is known about their health and management during the protohistoric period. This study examines the unusually well-preserved equid assemblage from the Tartessian site of Casas del Turuñuelo (Badajoz, Spain), dating from the 5th century BCE with the aim of reconstructing patterns of pathology and biomechanical stress. Thirty-one individuals were subjected to macroscopic paleopathological assessment following established diagnostic criteria and, for a subset of seven individuals, computed tomography (CT) ...
Testicular Expression of Vitamin-D Receptor and Vitamin-D-Metabolizing Enzymes (CYP2R1, CYP27A1, and CYP27B1) in Normal and Cryptorchid Horses. Vitamin D (VD) is required for testis activity being a key regulator of calcium and testosterone, both essential for spermatogenesis and sperm maturation. VD is activated by a metabolizing machinery of enzymes (CYP2R1, CYP27A1, CYP27B1) and acts throughout its receptor (VDR). Cryptorchidism is a developmental defect caused by the failed scrotal descend of the testicle and can compromise fertility depending on whether one or both testes are retained. Here, we reported the expression and localization of VDR- and VD-activating enzymes in the testis of normal and unilateral cryptorchid equines obt...
Oral Mosapride Attenuates Gastrointestinal Dysmotility During Experimental Endotoxemia in Horses: A Randomized, Blinded Crossover Study. Endotoxemia is a major contributor to gastrointestinal hypomotility and postoperative ileus in horses. This study investigated whether oral mosapride retained prokinetic activity during acute lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia. Seven healthy adult horses were enrolled in a randomized, blinded, three-period crossover trial and received LPS alone, mosapride alone (MOSA), or LPS plus mosapride (LPS + MOSA), with a 14-day washout interval between periods. Mosapride was administered orally at 2 mg/kg, whereas endotoxemia was induced by an intravenous infusion of O55:B5 LPS (0.03 µg/kg) ...
Use of UV-Polymerizable Methacrylate Adhesive as a Post-Recovery Bandage Replacement for Transphyseal Screw Incisions in Horses: A Pilot Study. Surgical adhesives may provide an alternative to postoperative bandaging, but their use has not been evaluated in veterinary medicine. This prospective pilot study investigated the tolerance and postoperative adhesion of a UV-polymerizable methacrylate adhesive (UV-PMA) as a post-recovery bandage substitute following transphyseal screw placement in horses. A total of 153 sutured stab incisions from 102 horses were included; 75 received UV-PMA and 78 were protected with bandages. Surgical site infection (SSI) within 30 days and UV-PMA/bandage slippage within 14 days were compared between the tr...
Proteomic Profiling and Targeted Validation Reveal a More Extensive Salivary than Serum Response to a Feed-Deprivation Protocol in Horses with Gastric Lesions. Gastric ulceration is common in horses and remains challenging to diagnose, as gastroscopy is the gold standard. This study aimed to characterise the salivary and serum protein changes associated with a feed-deprivation protocol. Eight horses underwent this protocol, and gastric lesions were assessed by gastroscopy at the end of the experimental period. Saliva and blood samples were collected pre- and post-protocol, and pooled samples from each biological fluid and condition were analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to compare protein profiles. Fifteen salivary and five serum protei...
A Retrospective Analysis of Liberal Fluid Therapy and Total Protein Changes in 124 Horses Undergoing Colic Surgery. Perioperative fluid therapy in horses undergoing colic surgery should be individualised to avoid complications associated with both hypo- and hypervolaemia. This retrospective study evaluated the haemodynamic effects of a liberal perioperative fluid therapy approach, focusing on total plasma protein (TPP) changes. Medical records of 124 horses undergoing colic surgery between March 2018 and June 2020 were reviewed. Packed cell volume (PCV) and TPP were assessed preoperatively, after surgery, on postoperative days (POD) 2, 5 and 7, and at long-term follow-up. Horses were stratified according to...
Retrospective Analysis of the Clinical Findings of 114 Horses with Eosinophilic Keratoconjunctivitis. Eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) is an inflammatory eye disease of horses with an unknown cause and suspected immune-mediated pathogenesis. This single-center retrospective case series included 114 horses (163 affected eyes) examined at a German equine referral hospital from January 2012 to December 2020. Of these horses, 71 (62.3%) were Warmbloods, 77 (67.5%) were presented from July to September, and 49 (43.0%) had bilateral disease. The cornea was involved in 139 of 163 eyes (85.3%). During the study period, 114 EKC cases occurred among 5742 ophthalmology cases (2.0%), with an increa...
Diagnostic Performance of Digital Tomosynthesis for Detecting Osteophytes and Subchondral Bone Changes in the Equine Distal Interphalangeal and Metacarpophalangeal Joints. Osteoarthritis is a common cause of equine lameness and can involve periarticular osteophytes and subchondral bone (SB) changes. This exploratory ex vivo study evaluated the diagnostic performance of digital tomosynthesis (DT) for detecting these findings in the distal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints, using computed tomography (CT) classifications as the reference. Sixteen distal forelimbs from nine adult horses underwent imaging with both modalities under simulated weight-bearing conditions. Three independent observers graded osteophytes and SB changes, and the scores were dich...
Effects of Repeated Monopolar Pulsed Capacitive Radiofrequency Energy Treatments on Mechanical Nociceptive Thresholds and Skin Temperature in Show-Jumping Horses with Thoracolumbar Pain. This study evaluated the effects of repeated monopolar Capacitive Resistive Electrical Transfer (CRET) therapy on mechanical nociceptive thresholds (MNT) and skin surface temperature in horses with perceived chronic thoracolumbar pain. Fifteen show-jumping horses were enrolled in a randomized sham-controlled clinical trial. Ten horses received treatment, and five underwent a sham procedure. Five treatment sessions were performed at 72 h intervals using a monopolar capacitive radiofrequency device operating at 500 kHz. Mechanical nociceptive thresholds (MNT) were assessed before treatment, afte...
Five Domains, Multiple Realities: A Multidimensional Analysis of Equine Welfare in Equestrian Events in Brazil. Welfare assessments at traditional equestrian events in Brazil are scarce. This study aimed to systematize and stratify assessments based on the Five Domains (5DMs) model into subdomains (sDMs) for vaquejada and gait events and to adapt them to reflect local conditions and resource availability. Subsequently, the sDMs were classified and scored on a 5-level scale (1 to 5, where 1 = very poor and 5 = excellent), and assessments were conducted at three vaquejada and five gaited horse competitions. Assessments took place during morning, afternoon, and evening periods over two or more days and wer...
Characterization of the Healthy Ocular Mycobiome of Purebred Lusitano Horses Using Oxford Nanopore Long-Read Sequencing. The ocular surface represents a unique microbial ecosystem continuously exposed to environmental microorganisms; however, the fungal component of the healthy equine ocular microbiome remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to characterize the ocular surface mycobiome of 12 clinically healthy Purebred Lusitano horses from three geographical regions in Portugal kept in two housing systems using Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing and conventional fungal culture. Sequencing revealed a highly diverse fungal community with marked inter-individual variability. The most abundant genera were ,...
Clinical Signs as an Indication of the Presence of Gastric Ulcers in Horses: True or False? Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS) and its related diseases, Equine Squamous Gastric Disease (ESGD) and Equine Glandular Gastric Disease (EGGD), can be found in horses worldwide, with increased prevalences in racehorses and animals subjected to heavy training loads. Clinical signs of the disease are vague and nonspecific, and most horses affected by the disease are asymptomatic. In this retrospective study, our aim was to determine the percentages of pleasure and breeding horses showing signs compatible with gastric ulcers, and to correlate these signs with the presence of ESGD, EGGD, and bo...
Influence of Manual Double-Spin Preparation Protocols on the Cellular and Growth Factor Composition of Equine Platelet-Rich Plasma. This prospective, randomised, ex vivo study investigated the effects of manual double-spin centrifugation protocols on the cellular and growth factor composition of equine platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Blood from 20 healthy horses was evaluated in two phases. In Phase A (n = 10), nine first-spin protocols were compared, and two were selected based on platelet enrichment and leukocyte reduction. In Phase B (n = 10), these were combined with nine second-spin conditions, generating 18 PRP preparations. Platelet (PLT), leukocyte (WBC) and erythrocyte (RBC) concentrations and PDGF-BB and TGF-β conce...
