An Evaluation of Three Different Primary Equine Influenza Vaccination Intervals in Foals.
Abstract: In order to evaluate the effect of three different primary vaccination intervals on EI vaccine response, 21 unvaccinated thoroughbred foals were randomly divided into three groups of 7 and vaccinated with three different intervals of primary immunization (i.e., with 1, 2 or 3 months intervals between V1 and V2, respectively). The antibody response was measured for up to 1 year after the third immunization V3 (administered 6 months after V2) by single radial hemolysis (SRH) assay. All weanlings had seroconverted and exceeded the clinical protection threshold 2 weeks after V2 and 1 month after V3 until the end of the study. Significant differences were measured at the peak of immunity after V2 and for the duration of the immunity gap between V2 and V3. The group with one month primary vaccination interval had a lower immunity peak after V2 (158.05 ± 6.63 mm) and a wider immunity gap between V2 and V3 (18 weeks) when compared with other groups (i.e., 174.72 ± 6.86 mm and 16 weeks for a two months interval, 221.45 ± 14.48 mm and 12 weeks for a 3-month interval). The advantage observed in the group with 1 month primary vaccination interval, which induces an earlier protective immunity, is counterbalance with a lower peak of immunity and a wider immunity gap after V2, when compared with foals vaccinated with 2- and 3-month intervals.
Published by Elsevier Inc.
Publication Date: 2021-02-03 PubMed ID: 33781435DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103397Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This study has evaluated the effectiveness of different time intervals between the first and second doses of horse flu vaccinations in young horses, finding that while a shorter gap leads to faster protection, it results in a lower peak of immunity and longer vulnerability period before the third dose.
Research Objective and Methodology
- The objective of this research was to investigate the impact of different vaccination intervals on the immune response to equine influenza (EI) in young Thoroughbred horses. This was achieved by dividing 21 unvaccinated foals into 3 groups of 7, each group receiving their first two vaccinations (V1 and V2) at different intervals – 1-month, 2-months, and 3-months.
- Each group’s antibody responses were then measured over the course of a year after the third vaccination (V3), which was administered 6 months after V2. The immunity of the weanlings was tracked using the SRH (single radial hemolysis) assay, a test that detects antibodies in the blood.
Research Findings
- It was found that all foals had seroconverted (developed detectable specific antibodies as a result of immune response to the EI vaccine) and surpassed the clinical protection threshold two weeks after the second dose (V2), and one month after the third dose (V3). This level of immunity continued until the end of the study.
- Differences were noted in the peak immunity reached after the second dose and in the duration of the immunity gap between the second and third doses. Specifically, the group with a one-month interval between the first two doses had a lower peak of immunity after the second dose. This group also had a wider immunity gap (18 weeks) between the second and third doses compared to the other groups (16 weeks for a two-month interval, 12 weeks for a three-month interval).
- The advantages of an earlier immunity provided by a one-month interval vaccination are counterbalanced with lower immunity peaks and a wider immunity gap after the second dose. This contrasts with foals vaccinated with 2- and 3-month intervals which had higher immunity peaks and a shorter immunity gap. These differences could have potential implications for the effective management of EI vaccination schedules in foals.
Cite This Article
APA
Dilai M, Fassi Fihri O, El Harrak M, Bouchiba A, Dehhaoui M, Mahir W, Dikrallah A, Legrand L, Paillot R, Piro M.
(2021).
An Evaluation of Three Different Primary Equine Influenza Vaccination Intervals in Foals.
J Equine Vet Sci, 99, 103397.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103397 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Reproduction, Hassan II Institute for Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine - B.P 6202 Rabat-Institutes, Rabat, Morocco. Electronic address: dilaimohamed.iav@gmail.com.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Contagious Diseases, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II- B.P 6202 Rabat-Institutes, Rabat, Morocco.
- M.C.I Animal Health - Lot 157, Mohammedia, Morocco.
- Equine Hospital, Garde Royale Marocaine, Rabat, Morocco.
- Department of Statistics and Applied Informatics, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II- B.P 6202 Rabat-Institutes, Morocco.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Contagious Diseases, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II- B.P 6202 Rabat-Institutes, Rabat, Morocco.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Contagious Diseases, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II- B.P 6202 Rabat-Institutes, Rabat, Morocco.
- Normandie Univ, UniCaen, Biotargen, Saint-Contest, France; LABÉO Frank Duncombe, Caen cedex 4, France.
- School of Equine and Veterinary Physiotherapy, Writtle University College, Essex, UK.
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Reproduction, Hassan II Institute for Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine - B.P 6202 Rabat-Institutes, Rabat, Morocco.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horses
- Influenza Vaccines
- Influenza, Human
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / prevention & control
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
- Vaccination / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Zhang Y, Guo X, Yu M, Sun L, Qu Y, Guo K, Hu Z, Liu D, Zhang H, Wang X. Equine ANP32 proteins support influenza A virus RNA polymerase activity. Virol Sin 2023 Oct 27;38(6):951-60.
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