An induced synovitis disease model in ponies.
Abstract: The effects of intra-articular injection of small amounts of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the intercarpal joint of 5 ponies were studied. The LPS induced predictable changes all of which were analogous to acute bacterial infection, except that the development of signs occurred sooner after the LPS injection, and subsided within 36 hours. Fever was monophasic and peaked at 5-7 hours. The ponies exhibited depression, reduced or absent appetite, increased pulse and respiration rates, and lameness. The lameness became evident between 1 and 2 hours after injection, at which time warmth, articular effusion, and resentment to palpation of joint flexion were evident. Hematological changes included neutrophilic leucocytosis, and changes in copper, iron and zinc serum concentrations. The synovial fluid total protein, leucocyte, and alkaline phosphatase levels increased within 2 hours. The mucin precipitation, total protein and leucocyte counts in synovial fluid remained elevated long after clinical and hematological changes had subsided. The model is useful for the study of some aspects of infectious joint disease.
Publication Date: 1987-04-01 PubMed ID: 3552439
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research article discusses a study that examines the effects of injecting small amounts of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the joint of ponies to create a model of induced synovitis, a disease that inflames the joints.
Induced Synovitis Model
- The researchers developed a model of induced synovitis in ponies by injecting small quantities of E.coli LPS directly into the ponies’ intercarpal joints. Induced synovitis is a controlled inflammation of the joints used for research purposes.
- The induced synovitis created similar conditions to an acute bacterial infection in the ponies, except that the symptoms developed more rapidly following the injection. All symptoms subsided within 36 hours of the procedure.
Observations and Findings
- The researchers observed several reactions in the ponies following the LPS joint injections. Symptoms included fever, depression, suppression or loss of appetite, increased heart and respiration rates, as well as lameness.
- The onset of lameness, joint heat, articular effusion (excess joint fluid), and discomfort during joint flexion examination were noticeable within one to two hours of the LPS injections.
Hematological Changes
- Several changes in the ponies’ blood were noted following the LPS injections. Specifically, an increase in neutrophilic leucocytosis (a high white blood cell count often associated with infection), as well as changes in serum concentrations of copper, iron and zinc were observed.
- On a cellular level, an increase in total protein, leucocyte (white blood cell), and alkaline phosphatase (an enzyme related to bone formation) levels were seen in the synovial fluid (fluid that lubricates the joints) within two hours of the LPS administrations.
- Despite the ponies’ clinical and blood changes subsiding, the elevated levels of mucin (a protein that increases viscosity), total protein, and leucocyte counts in the synovial fluid persisted for a longer period.
Research Significance
- The researchers suggest that the induced synovitis model could be a valuable tool for studying certain aspects of infectious joint diseases. It provides a controlled environment to observe the progression of the disease and the body’s response to inflammation.
Cite This Article
APA
Firth EC, Wensing T, Seuren F.
(1987).
An induced synovitis disease model in ponies.
Cornell Vet, 77(2), 107-118.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Arthritis, Infectious / chemically induced
- Arthritis, Infectious / veterinary
- Escherichia coli
- Female
- Horse Diseases / chemically induced
- Horses
- Lipopolysaccharides / toxicity
- Male
- Synovitis / chemically induced
- Synovitis / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- Knych HK, Weiner D, Harrison L, McKemie DS. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intra-articular isoflupredone following administration to horses with lipopolysaccharide-induced synovitis.. BMC Vet Res 2022 Dec 13;18(1):436.
- Mendez ME, Sebastian A, Murugesh DK, Hum NR, McCool JL, Hsia AW, Christiansen BA, Loots GG. LPS-Induced Inflammation Prior to Injury Exacerbates the Development of Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis in Mice.. J Bone Miner Res 2020 Nov;35(11):2229-2241.
- McIlwraith CW, Frisbie DD, Kawcak CE. The horse as a model of naturally occurring osteoarthritis.. Bone Joint Res 2012 Nov;1(11):297-309.
- Freitas GC, Carregaro AB, Gehrcke MI, De La Côrte FD, Lara VM, Pozzobon R, Brass KE. Epidural analgesia with morphine or buprenorphine in ponies with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced carpal synovitis.. Can J Vet Res 2011 Apr;75(2):141-6.
- Van Bree H, Justus C, Quirke JF. Preliminary observations on the effects of meloxicam in a new model for acute intra-articular inflammation in dogs.. Vet Res Commun 1994;18(3):217-24.
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