Animal and environmental factors associated with gestation length in the endangered Old Kladruber horse.
Abstract: Little is known about factors influencing gestation length in heavier types of horses. The objective was to assess the effects of the weight and age of mares, weight and sex of foals, lactation, month and year of conception, month of foaling, stallion and mare on gestation length in the endangered Old Kladruber breed that once served as a heavy coach horse for ceremonies of the Imperial Court in Vienna. The study was performed at the stud farm Slatinany, Czech Republic and reports data from foaling seasons between 2001 and 2018. A total of 649 gestations were included in the study. Gestation in mares weighing 680 kg and more was 1.9 days shorter than in those weighing up to 639 kg (P < 0.0001). Gestation in lactating mares was 3.9 days shorter than in non-lactating mares (P < 0.0001). Gestation was longest in mares conceiving in March (343.9 ± 0.60 days); thereafter it gradually shortened, with the shortest (P < 0.0001) in mares conceiving in July (334.9 ± 0.90 days). Gestation length in mares increased (P < 0.0001) from February foaling (340.4 ± 0.73 days) to March foaling (343.6 ± 0.55 days), and then decreased (P < 0.0001) up to the end of the breeding season in June (336.7 ± 0.92 days). Year of conception had an effect on GL (P < 0.02). Gestation in mares carrying male foals was 2.0 days longer than in those carrying female foals (P < 0.01). Gestation in mares delivering foals weighing 70 kg and more was 1.0 days longer than in those delivering foals weighing up to 60 kg (P < 0.01). Mare's age had no effect on gestation length. In conclusion, gestation length was associated with the weight of mares and foals, lactation, month and year of conception, month of foaling, and sex of foals.
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2019-02-20 PubMed ID: 30836245DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.02.013Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This research study examines various factors impacting the gestation length in Old Kladruber horses, a heavier breed. The study found that elements such as mare and foal weight, lactation, time of conception, foaling month, and the sex of the foal contribute to variability in gestation length.
Understanding the study
- The main purpose of the research was to understand the influences of various animal and environmental factors over the gestation period in the Old Kladruber horse breed. This breed, being heavier, is not well-studied, and this research aimed to fill this gap.
- Multiple factors were taken into consideration including the weight of the mares and foals, the lactation status of mares, the time period of conception and foaling, and the sex of the foals.
- The data utilized in the study were collected between 2001 and 2018 from a stud farm in the Czech Republic. It included a total of 649 gestation periods.
Main findings
- Mares that were heavier (680kg and above) had a gestation period that was 1.9 days shorter than mares that weighed up to 639kg.
- Lactating mares had 3.9 days shorter gestation period than non-lactating mares.
- Mares that conceived in March had the longest gestation period, with the length gradually decreasing for mares conceiving up to July.
- The month of foaling also affected gestation length, with an increase from February to March, then a decrease up to June.
- The year of conception also had an impact on gestation length.
- Mares carrying male foals had gestation periods that were 2.0 days longer than those carrying female foals.
- Mares delivering heavier foals (~70kg) had gestation periods 1.0 day longer than those delivering lighter foals (~60kg).
- The age of the mares did not impact gestation length.
Conclusions
- The research concluded that multiple factors influence gestation length in Old Kladruber horses – a heavier horse breed. These include the mares’ and foals’ weight, lactation status of the mares, month and year of conception, month of foaling, and sex of the foals.
- Such findings are crucial for breeding management and can be instrumental in conserving and enhancing this endangered breed of horse.
Cite This Article
APA
Malinska M, Havlicek Z, Koru E, Rezac P.
(2019).
Animal and environmental factors associated with gestation length in the endangered Old Kladruber horse.
Theriogenology, 129, 116-120.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.02.013 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Mendel University, Zemedelska 1, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Mendel University, Zemedelska 1, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Mendel University, Zemedelska 1, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Mendel University, Zemedelska 1, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic. Electronic address: prezac@mendelu.cz.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Endangered Species
- Female
- Horses / physiology
- Male
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy, Animal / physiology
- Time Factors
Citations
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