Animal domestication in the era of ancient genomics.
Abstract: The domestication of animals led to a major shift in human subsistence patterns, from a hunter-gatherer to a sedentary agricultural lifestyle, which ultimately resulted in the development of complex societies. Over the past 15,000 years, the phenotype and genotype of multiple animal species, such as dogs, pigs, sheep, goats, cattle and horses, have been substantially altered during their adaptation to the human niche. Recent methodological innovations, such as improved ancient DNA extraction methods and next-generation sequencing, have enabled the sequencing of whole ancient genomes. These genomes have helped reconstruct the process by which animals entered into domestic relationships with humans and were subjected to novel selection pressures. Here, we discuss and update key concepts in animal domestication in light of recent contributions from ancient genomics.
Publication Date: 2020-04-07 PubMed ID: 32265525PubMed Central: 3384140DOI: 10.1038/s41576-020-0225-0Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This research article explores the domestication of animals and their adaption to human environments over time, particularly focusing on the use of innovative genomic methods to sequence whole ancient genomes and thus reconstruct the process of how these animals became domesticated.
Understanding Animal Domestication
- The research begins with the recognition of animal domestication as a pivotal movement in human history, marking the shift from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to fixed agricultural practices. This shift significantly impacted the size and stability of human populations, giving rise to more complex societies.
- The impact on animals is noted as well, as the researchers point to substantial changes in the phenotype and genotype of various animal species due to their adaptation to human lifestyles. Species mentioned include dogs, pigs, sheep, goats, cattle, and horses.
Role of Genomics in Studying Animal Domestication
- The paper takes a departure from traditional viewpoints to shed light on the novel methodology used to study animal domestication. It particularly focuses on the innovations in the field of genomics, specifically ancient DNA extraction methods and next-generation sequencing.
- These innovative methodological approaches have enabled complete sequencing of whole ancient genomes, a breakthrough that was not previously possible. This sequencing allows for a deeper understanding of the domestication process through the reconstruction of genetic histories.
The Influence of Ancient Genomics
- The researchers provide updates on key concepts in animal domestication, incorporating recent findings from the study of ancient genomics. They emphasize the significance of these contributions in updating our knowledge about animal domestication, reflecting the scientific advances in the field.
- The paper also reiterates the potential implications of understanding animal domestication in light of genomic findings. It concludes by reinforcing the value of genetic research in shedding new light on how domestic relationships between humans and animals were formed and evolved over time.
Cite This Article
APA
Frantz LAF, Bradley DG, Larson G, Orlando L.
(2020).
Animal domestication in the era of ancient genomics.
Nat Rev Genet, 21(8), 449-460.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-020-0225-0 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. laurent.frantz@qmul.ac.uk.
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- The Palaeogenomics & Bio-Archaeology Research Network, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and History of Art, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie Moléculaire et d'Imagerie de Synthèse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France. ludovic.orlando@univ-tlse3.fr.
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. ludovic.orlando@univ-tlse3.fr.
MeSH Terms
- Animal Husbandry
- Animals
- Animals, Wild
- DNA, Ancient
- DNA, Mitochondrial
- Domestication
- Founder Effect
- Genomics / history
- Genomics / methods
- History, Ancient
- Models, Theoretical
- Selection, Genetic
- Spatio-Temporal Analysis
Grant Funding
- 210119/Z/18/Z / Wellcome Trust
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