Animal models of asthma: potential usefulness for studying health effects of inhaled particles.
Abstract: Asthma is now recognized to be a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the whole lung. Incidence appears to be increasing despite improved treatment regimens. There is substantial epidemiological evidence suggesting a relationship between the incidence and severity of asthma (e.g., hospitalizations) and exposure to increased levels of air pollution, especially fine and ultrafine particulate material, in susceptible individuals. There have been a few studies in animal models that support this concept, but additional animal studies to test this hypothesis are needed. However, such studies must be performed with awareness of the strengths and weaknesses of the currently available animal models. For studies in mice, the most commonly used animal, a broad spectrum of molecular and immunological tools is available, particularly to study the balance between Th1 and Th2 responses, and inbred strains may be useful for genetic dissection of susceptibility to the disease. However, the mouse is a poor model for bronchoconstriction or localized immune responses that characterize the human disease. In contrast, allergic lung diseases in dogs and cats may more accurately model the human condition, but fewer tools are available for characterization of the mechanisms. Finally, economic issues as well as reagent availability limit the utility of horses, sheep, and primates.
Publication Date: 2000-09-16 PubMed ID: 10989366DOI: 10.1080/08958370050123207Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Review
Summary
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This research article discusses the weaknesses and strengths of various animal models used in studying the health effects of inhaled particles on asthma, a chronic inflammatory disease that impacts the lungs. The article highlights the potential link between the severity of asthma and exposure to high levels of air pollution, particularly ultrafine and fine particulate material.
Understanding Animal Models And Asthma
- The researchers recognize the increasing incidence of asthma, despite advancements in treatment, and place focus on potential environmental causes such as increased air pollution.
- There is a particular emphasis on fine and ultrafine particulate material and the paper suggests a correlation with both the severity and incidence of asthma.
- Animal models have been used to investigate this connection, but the article hints at the need for additional research, cautioning a careful consideration of the strengths and weaknesses of each type of animal model.
Model Tools and Limitations
- The mouse is mentioned as the most commonly used model due to the availability of various molecular and immunological tools such as the ability to study the balance between Th1 and Th2 responses, and susceptibility to the disease using inbred strains.
- However, it is also noted that the mouse is a poor model for local immune responses and bronchoconstriction processes which are characteristic of the human form of the disease.
- Dogs and cats have allergic lung diseases that could more accurately model the human condition, yet there are limited tools for characterizing the mechanisms in these animals.
- Economic issues and the availability of reagents limit the utility of horses, sheep and primates in these studies.
Future Directions and Recommendations
- The paper suggests more animal studies are needed to investigate the link between air pollution and asthma.
- When performing these studies, an awareness of the advantages and disadvantages associated with each animal model is essential.
Cite This Article
APA
Bice DE, Seagrave J, Green FH.
(2000).
Animal models of asthma: potential usefulness for studying health effects of inhaled particles.
Inhal Toxicol, 12(9), 829-862.
https://doi.org/10.1080/08958370050123207 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, PO Box 5890, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA. dbice@lrri.org
MeSH Terms
- Air Pollutants / adverse effects
- Animals
- Asthma / etiology
- Asthma / immunology
- Asthma / pathology
- Cats
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dogs
- Guinea Pigs
- Horses
- Humans
- Inhalation Exposure
- Mice
- Rabbits
- Rats
- Sheep
- Species Specificity
Citations
This article has been cited 16 times.- Akkoc T, O'Mahony L, Ferstl R, Akdis C, Akkoc T. Mouse Models of Asthma: Characteristics, Limitations and Future Perspectives on Clinical Translation.. Adv Exp Med Biol 2022;1376:119-133.
- Jendzjowsky NG, Roy A, Iftinca M, Barioni NO, Kelly MM, Herrington BA, Visser F, Altier C, Wilson RJA. PKCε stimulation of TRPV1 orchestrates carotid body responses to asthmakines.. J Physiol 2021 Feb;599(4):1335-1354.
- Kodavanti UP. Susceptibility Variations in Air Pollution Health Effects: Incorporating Neuroendocrine Activation.. Toxicol Pathol 2019 Dec;47(8):962-975.
- Jendzjowsky NG, Roy A, Barioni NO, Kelly MM, Green FHY, Wyatt CN, Pye RL, Tenorio-Lopes L, Wilson RJA. Preventing acute asthmatic symptoms by targeting a neuronal mechanism involving carotid body lysophosphatidic acid receptors.. Nat Commun 2018 Oct 2;9(1):4030.
- Sénéchal H, Visez N, Charpin D, Shahali Y, Peltre G, Biolley JP, Lhuissier F, Couderc R, Yamada O, Malrat-Domenge A, Pham-Thi N, Poncet P, Sutra JP. A Review of the Effects of Major Atmospheric Pollutants on Pollen Grains, Pollen Content, and Allergenicity.. ScientificWorldJournal 2015;2015:940243.
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- Rouse RL, Boudreaux MJ, Penn AL. In utero environmental tobacco smoke exposure alters gene expression in lungs of adult BALB/c mice.. Environ Health Perspect 2007 Dec;115(12):1757-66.
- Penn AL, Rouse RL, Horohov DW, Kearney MT, Paulsen DB, Lomax L. In utero exposure to environmental tobacco smoke potentiates adult responses to allergen in BALB/c mice.. Environ Health Perspect 2007 Apr;115(4):548-55.
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