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Journal of virology2015; 89(13); 6945-6951; doi: 10.1128/JVI.00137-15

Antibody escape kinetics of equine infectious anemia virus infection of horses.

Abstract: Lentivirus escape from neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) is not well understood. In this work, we quantified antibody escape of a lentivirus, using antibody escape data from horses infected with equine infectious anemia virus. We calculated antibody blocking rates of wild-type virus, fitness costs of mutant virus, and growth rates of both viruses. These quantitative kinetic estimates of antibody escape are important for understanding lentiviral control by antibody neutralization and in developing NAb-eliciting vaccine strategies.
Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
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Publication Date: 2015-04-15 PubMed ID: 25878104PubMed Central: PMC4468492DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00137-15Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article explores how the equine infectious anemia virus, a type of lentivirus, manages to escape the immune response (specifically neutralizing antibodies) in horses. The study also makes an attempt to quantify the rates at which this escape happens and how it impacts the growth of the virus, contributing to the overall understanding of the behavior of lentiviruses under an immune attack.

Understanding Lentiviral Escape

  • Lentiviruses, a subgroup of retroviruses, have developed mechanisms over time that allow them to escape the body’s immune response, specifically, the neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) produced by the immune system of the host.
  • Understanding this escaping mechanism is crucial in the study of viral diseases, as it can lead to the virus’s persistence in the host and resistance to treatments.
  • This study goes a step further by quantifying the rates of antibody escape, which could provide a basis for predicting the behavior/pattern of lentiviral infections, including the equine infectious anemia virus in horses.

Study Approach and Findings

  • The study used antibody escape data from horses infected with equine infectious anemia virus to make its calculations.
  • Researchers calculated the antibody blocking rates of the wild-type virus, which refers to the effectiveness of the antibodies in neutralizing the naturally occurring, non-mutated virus.
  • They also calculated the fitness costs of the mutant virus, which refers to the impact of viral mutations on the virus’s ability to survive and reproduce.
  • The growth rates of both the wild-type and the mutant viruses were also calculated, providing insights into their proliferation in the face of an immune attack.

Implications for Future Research and Vaccines

  • The quantitative kinetic estimates of antibody escape obtained from the study are significant for understanding lentiviral control by antibody neutralization. This means human efforts to enhance the effectiveness of NAbs in preventing lentiviral proliferation can be informed by these findings.
  • The findings can also be used in the development of NAb-eliciting vaccine strategies. A vaccine that can stimulate the production of more effective NAbs could potentially curb the spread of lentiviruses and provide better immunity for the hosts.

Cite This Article

APA
Schwartz EJ, Nanda S, Mealey RH. (2015). Antibody escape kinetics of equine infectious anemia virus infection of horses. J Virol, 89(13), 6945-6951. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00137-15

Publication

Journal of virology
ISSN: 1098-5514
NlmUniqueID: 0113724
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 89
Issue: 13
Pages: 6945-6951

Researcher Affiliations

Schwartz, Elissa J
  • School of Biological Sciences and Department of Mathematics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA ejs@wsu.edu nanda@math.tifrbng.res.in.
Nanda, Seema
  • Centre for Applicable Mathematics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India ejs@wsu.edu nanda@math.tifrbng.res.in.
Mealey, Robert H
  • Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing / blood
  • Antibodies, Viral / blood
  • Equine Infectious Anemia / immunology
  • Equine Infectious Anemia / virology
  • Horses
  • Immune Evasion
  • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / genetics
  • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / growth & development
  • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / immunology
  • Models, Theoretical
  • Mutation

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Citations

This article has been cited 5 times.
  1. Hull-Nye D, Meadows T, Smith SR, Schwartz EJ. Key Factors and Parameter Ranges for Immune Control of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Infection. Viruses 2023 Mar 6;15(3).
    doi: 10.3390/v15030691pubmed: 36992401google scholar: lookup
  2. Schwartz EJ, Costris-Vas C, Smith SR. Modelling Mutation in Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Infection Suggests a Path to Viral Clearance with Repeated Vaccination. Viruses 2021 Dec 6;13(12).
    doi: 10.3390/v13122450pubmed: 34960718google scholar: lookup
  3. Malossi CD, Fioratti EG, Cardoso JF, Magro AJ, Kroon EG, Aguiar DM, Borges AMCM, Nogueira MF, Ullmann LS, Araujo JP Jr. High Genomic Variability in Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Obtained from Naturally Infected Horses in Pantanal, Brazil: An Endemic Region Case. Viruses 2020 Feb 12;12(2).
    doi: 10.3390/v12020207pubmed: 32059508google scholar: lookup
  4. Jaworski JP, Petersen MI, Carignano HA, Trono KG. Spontaneous virus reactivation in cattle chronically infected with bovine leukemia virus. BMC Vet Res 2019 May 16;15(1):150.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-019-1908-7pubmed: 31096973google scholar: lookup
  5. Schwartz EJ, Smith RJ. Identifying the Conditions Under Which Antibodies Protect Against Infection by Equine Infectious Anemia Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2014 May 27;2(2):397-421.
    doi: 10.3390/vaccines2020397pubmed: 26344625google scholar: lookup
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