Atrial septal defect of the persistent ostium primum type with hypoplastic right ventricle in a Welsh pony foal.
Abstract: Valvular competency of the foramen ovale (patent foramen ovale) is regarded as a common finding in the neonatal foal and usually occurs in isolation. True atrial septal defects appear to be uncommon and are usually associated with other congenital cardiac lesions. The present report describes a case of atrial septal defect type 1 (persistent ostium primum) complicated by hypoplastic right ventricle, and tricuspid dysplasia, in a Welsh Mountain pony foal, and discusses the embryogenesis of the abnormality. A critical review of the literature suggests that atrial septal defects may occur more frequently than they are reported, and that on occasion they may be described erroneously as patent foramen ovale. The clinical significance of uncomplicated discontinuity of the atrial septum is slight, depending upon the size and location of the defect. Complicated atrial septal defects vary in clinical significance according to the nature of the associated defects.
Publication Date: 1985-10-01 PubMed ID: 4075243PubMed Central: PMC1236206
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Summary
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The research article discusses a unique case of a Welsh pony foal born with a type of congenital heart defect known as atrial septal defect, specifically of the persistent ostium primum type, along with an underdeveloped right ventricle and tricuspid dysplasia. The study reviews existing literature and suggests atrial septal defects could be more common than reported.
Atrial Septal Defect of the Persistent Ostium Primum Type
- The research discusses a unique case of atrial septal defect of the persistent ostium primum type present in a Welsh Mountain pony foal. An atrial septal defect is an abnormal hole in the wall between the two upper chambers of the heart, or the atria.
- This specific type, persistent ostium primum, involves a defect in the lower part of the atrial septum and is often associated with abnormalities of the tricuspid and mitral valves.
- In this particular study, the defect was complicated by an underdeveloped right ventricle, known as hypoplastic right ventricle, and tricuspid dysplasia.
Embryogenesis of the Abnormality
- The study discusses the development of this abnormality in the embryo of the foal. The heart of a fetus begins to form soon after conception and any interruption in its developmental process can result in congenital heart defects like an atrial septal defect.
- The causes of such interruptions could be genetic or environmental, but the specific cause in this case is not identified.
Review of Previous Literature
- The researchers also carried out a critical review of past studies and literature on atrial septal defects.
- Based on their review, they suggest that atrial septal defects might be more common than currently documented in veterinary literature, as these defects are possibly mischaracterized as patent foramen ovale, another heart condition.
The Clinical Significance of Atrial Septal Defects
- The clinical significance of an uncomplicated atrial septal defect is usually minimal and depends on the size and location of the defect.
- However, if the defect is complicated by other abnormalities, such as hypoplastic right ventricle or tricuspid dysplasia as seen in the discussed case, the clinical significance increases. These complications can affect the functioning of the heart and the overall health of the animal.
Cite This Article
APA
Physick-Sheard PW, Maxie MG, Palmer NC, Gaul C.
(1985).
Atrial septal defect of the persistent ostium primum type with hypoplastic right ventricle in a Welsh pony foal.
Can J Comp Med, 49(4), 429-433.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Heart Defects, Congenital / pathology
- Heart Defects, Congenital / veterinary
- Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / pathology
- Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / veterinary
- Heart Ventricles / abnormalities
- Horse Diseases / congenital
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horses
- Male
References
This article includes 11 references
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- Button C, Gross DR, Allert JA, Kitzman JV. Tricuspid atresia in a foal.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1978 Apr 1;172(7):825-30.
- Vitums A. The embryonic development of the equine heart.. Anat Histol Embryol 1981;10(3):193-211.
- Tadmor A, Fischel R, Tov AS. A condition resembling hypoplastic left heart syndrome in a foal.. Equine Vet J 1983 Apr;15(2):175-7.
- Gumbrell RC. Atresia of the tricuspid valve in a foal.. N Z Vet J 1970 Nov;18(11):253-6.
- KIELY B, ADAMS P Jr, ANDERSON RC, LESTER RG. The ostium primum syndrome.. AMA J Dis Child 1958 Sep;96(3):381-403.
- PATTEN BM. Persistent interatrial foramen primum.. Am J Anat 1960 Nov;107:271-80.
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Vernemmen I, Paulussen E, Dauvillier J, Decloedt A, van Loon G. Three-dimensional and catheter-based intracardiac echocardiographic characterization of the interatrial septum in 2 horses with suspicion of a patent foramen ovale. J Vet Intern Med 2022 Jul;36(4):1535-1542.
- Redpath A, Marr CM, Bullard C, Hallowell GD. Real-time three-dimensional (3D) echocardiographic characterisation of an atrial septal defect in a horse. Vet Med Sci 2020 Nov;6(4):661-665.
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