Avocado/Soybean Unsaponifiables, Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate Combination Inhibits Proinflammatory COX-2 Expression and Prostaglandin E2 Production in Tendon-Derived Cells.
Abstract: Tendinopathy, a common disorder in man and horses, is characterized by pain, dysfunction, and tendon degeneration. Inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of tendinopathy. Tendon cells produce proinflammatory molecules that induce pain and tissue deterioration. Currently used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are palliative but have been associated with adverse side effects prompting the search for safe, alternative compounds. This study determined whether tendon-derived cells' expression of proinflammatory cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE) could be attenuated by the combination of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (ASU), glucosamine (GLU), and chondroitin sulfate (CS). ASU, GLU, and CS have been used in the management of osteoarthritis-associated joint inflammation. Tenocytes in monolayer and microcarrier spinner cultures were incubated with media alone, or with the combination of ASU (8.3 g/mL), GLU (11 g/mL), and CS (20 g/mL). Cultures were next incubated with media alone, or stimulated with interleukin-1 (IL-1; 10 ng/mL) for 1 h to measure COX-2 gene expression, or for 24 h to measure PGE production, respectively. Tenocyte phenotype was analyzed by phase-contrast microscopy, immunocytochemistry, and Western blotting. Tendon-derived cells proliferated and produced extracellular matrix component type I collagen in monolayer and microcarrier spinner cultures. IL-1-induced COX-2 gene expression and PGE production were significantly reduced by the combination of (ASU+GLU+CS). The suppression of IL-1-induced inflammatory response suggests that (ASU+GLU+CS) may help attenuate deleterious inflammation in tendons.
Publication Date: 2019-09-05 PubMed ID: 31486703DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0022Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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This research examines how the combination of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables, glucosamine, and chondroitin sulfate may aid in suppressing inflammation in tendons, a common cause of pain and tissue deterioration in tendinopathy, by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory molecules.
Introduction and Objective
- The study aims to find safe, alternative compounds that could reduce the expression of proinflammatory cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE) in tendon-derived cells. These molecules are produced by tendon cells and are known to induce pain and tissue deterioration characteristic of tendinopathy.
- The researchers chose to work with a combination of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (ASU), glucosamine (GLU), and chondroitin sulfate (CS) because these substances have been used in the management of osteoarthritis-associated joint inflammation.
Methodology
- Tenocytes (tendon cells) in monolayer and microcarrier spinner cultures were incubated with either media alone, or with the combination of ASU, GLU, and CS. The cultures were then stimulated with interleukin-1 (IL-1) to measure COX-2 gene expression (for 1 hour) or PGE production (for 24 hours), respectively.
- The tenocyte phenotype was analyzed by phase-contrast microscopy, immunocytochemistry, and Western blotting
Results
- The tendon-derived cells proliferated and produced extracellular matrix component type I collagen in monolayer and microcarrier spinner cultures.
- It was found that the IL-1-induced COX-2 gene expression and PGE production were significantly reduced by the combination of ASU+GLU+CS.
Implications
- The results indicate that this combination therapy may help attenuate deleterious inflammation in tendons, providing a promising strategy in the management of tendinopathy.
- Given the adverse side effects associated with currently used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the findings of this study could lead to safer and more effective treatment approaches for this common disorder.
Cite This Article
APA
Grzanna MW, Au RY, Au AY, Rashmir AM, Frondoza CG.
(2019).
Avocado/Soybean Unsaponifiables, Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate Combination Inhibits Proinflammatory COX-2 Expression and Prostaglandin E2 Production in Tendon-Derived Cells.
J Med Food, 23(2), 139-146.
https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2019.0022 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Nutramax Laboratories, Inc., Edgewood, Maryland, USA.
- Nutramax Laboratories, Inc., Edgewood, Maryland, USA.
- Nutramax Laboratories, Inc., Edgewood, Maryland, USA.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
- Nutramax Laboratories, Inc., Edgewood, Maryland, USA.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents / pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chondroitin Sulfates / pharmacology
- Cyclooxygenase 2 / metabolism
- Dinoprostone / metabolism
- Glucosamine / pharmacology
- Horses
- Interleukin-1beta / pharmacology
- Persea / chemistry
- Phytochemicals / pharmacology
- Plant Preparations / therapeutic use
- Soybeans / chemistry
- Tendinopathy
- Tenocytes / drug effects
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- Mao T, Fan J. Myricetin Protects Against Rat Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Partly Through the Nrf2/HO-1/NF-κB Signaling Pathway.. Biochem Genet 2023 Jul 28;.
- Mueller AL, Brockmueller A, Kunnumakkara AB, Shakibaei M. Modulation of Inflammation by Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals in Tendinitis.. Nutrients 2022 May 12;14(10).
- Lee D, Jo H, Go C, Jang Y, Chu N, Bae S, Kang D, Kim Y, Kang JS. The Roles of IL-22 and Its Receptor in the Regulation of Inflammatory Responses in the Brain.. Int J Mol Sci 2022 Jan 11;23(2).
- Oliva F, Gallorini M, Antonetti Lamorgese Passeri C, Gissi C, Ricci A, Cataldi A, Colosimo A, Berardi AC. Conjugation with Methylsulfonylmethane Improves Hyaluronic Acid Anti-Inflammatory Activity in a Hydrogen Peroxide-Exposed Tenocyte Culture In Vitro Model.. Int J Mol Sci 2020 Oct 26;21(21).
- Lei X, Ma N, Liang Y, Liu J, Zhang P, Han Y, Chen W, Du L, Qu B. Glucosamine protects against radiation-induced lung injury via inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.. J Cell Mol Med 2020 Sep;24(18):11018-11023.
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