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Molecular ecology2020; 30(2); 555-571; doi: 10.1111/mec.15747

Bacterial dispersal and drift drive microbiome diversity patterns within a population of feral hindgut fermenters.

Abstract: Studies of microbiome variation in wildlife often emphasize host physiology and diet as proximate selective pressures acting on host-associated microbiota. In contrast, microbial dispersal and ecological drift are more rarely considered. Using amplicon sequencing, we characterized the bacterial microbiome of adult female (n = 86) Sable Island horses (Nova Scotia, Canada) as part of a detailed individual-based study of this feral population. Using data on sampling date, horse location, age, parental status, and local habitat variables, we contrasted the ability of spatiotemporal, life history, and environmental factors to explain microbiome diversity among Sable Island horses. We extended inferences made from these analyses with both phylogeny-informed and phylogeny-independent null modelling approaches to identify deviations from stochastic expectations. Phylogeny-informed diversity measures were correlated with spatial and local habitat variables, but null modelling results suggested that heterogeneity in ecological drift, rather than differential selective pressures acting on the microbiome, was responsible for these correlations. Conversely, phylogeny-independent diversity measures were best explained by host spatial and social structure, suggesting that taxonomic composition of the microbiome was shaped most strongly by bacterial dispersal. Parental status was important but correlated with measures of β-dispersion rather than β-diversity (mares without foals had lower alpha diversity and more variable microbiomes than mares with foals). Our results suggest that between host microbiome variation within the Sable Island horse population is driven more strongly by bacterial dispersal and ecological drift than by differential selective pressures. These results emphasize the need to consider alternative ecological processes in the study of microbiomes.
© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2020-12-20 PubMed ID: 33231332DOI: 10.1111/mec.15747Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates bacterial microbiome patterns in feral horses inhabiting Sable Island, Canada, suggesting that microbial dispersal and ecological drift significantly contribute to the variation in microbiomes.

Research Scope and Methodology

  • The study focuses on the horses’ bacterial microbiome, using a sample of 86 adult female Sable Island horses, with data on location, age, parental status, sampling date, and local habitat variables.
  • The researchers employed amplicon sequencing, a technique used to analyze the genetic makeup of environmental samples.
  • The methodology combined life history, environmental factors, and spatiotemporal elements, complementing these with phylogeny-informed and phylogeny-independent null modelling tactics for a comprehensive overview.

Study Findings

  • Phylogeny-informed diversity measurements showed correlations with spatial and local habitat variables. However, the model’s results suggested that the variations were more due to changes in ecological drift than selective pressures on the microbiome.
  • Contrarily, the phylogeny-independent diversity measures were best explained by the host spatial and social structure, implying that microbiome composition was largely influenced by bacterial dispersal.
  • The horse’s parental status also played a significant role, with mares without foals displaying lower alpha diversity and more variable microbiomes compared to mares with foals.

Research Implications

  • The findings advocate that bacterial dispersal and ecological drift are more influential in diversifying microbiomes than distinctive selective pressures.
  • This research underlines that alternative ecological processes should be seriously considered while studying microbiomes.
  • Further studies can build on these findings to explore how microbial dispersal and ecological drift could affect the health and survival of wildlife populations.

Cite This Article

APA
Stothart MR, Greuel RJ, Gavriliuc S, Henry A, Wilson AJ, McLoughlin PD, Poissant J. (2020). Bacterial dispersal and drift drive microbiome diversity patterns within a population of feral hindgut fermenters. Mol Ecol, 30(2), 555-571. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.15747

Publication

Molecular ecology
ISSN: 1365-294X
NlmUniqueID: 9214478
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 30
Issue: 2
Pages: 555-571

Researcher Affiliations

Stothart, Mason R
  • Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Greuel, Ruth J
  • Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
Gavriliuc, Stefan
  • Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Henry, Astrid
  • Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Wilson, Alastair J
  • Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK.
McLoughlin, Philip D
  • Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
Poissant, Jocelyn
  • Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Bacteria / genetics
  • Canada
  • Female
  • Horses
  • Islands
  • Microbiota / genetics
  • Phylogeny

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Citations

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