Biomechanical Characterization of Preparation for Airs above the Ground: A Mixed Approach.

This research study aims to identify and quantify the aspects that determine ‘airs above the ground’ (AAGs) in French traditional horse riding, by exploring the perceptions of experienced trainers during training sessions. The indicators examined include the balance and movements of the horse and rider, as well as the tension on the reins. Observations from this study are used to develop new training methods that can be applied to other equestrian activities.

Context and Purpose

• The study focuses on ‘airs above the ground’ (AAGs), a specialty of the Cadre Noir of Saumur, a community known for French tradition equitation.
• No prior research had been conducted on the horse-rider interaction in this specific context. Thus, the researchers aimed to identify and quantify indicators of AAGs as perceived by professional trainers, using a method known as self-confrontation interviews.
• The study places particular emphasis on three factors considered decisive for performance quality: contact, balance, and hoof-beat.

Methodology

• Phenomenological and biomechanical approaches were used in the study, which covered fourteen training sessions.
• A total of 49 AAGs performed by five horses trained by two expert trainers were examined.
• Data was collected via rein tension meters integrated in the double bridle and six inertial measurement units fixed on the horse’s limbs, sternum, and croup.

Findings

• The findings showed that the trainers’ action was marked by a peak of 65 ± 39 N on the inside curb rein.
• The trainers believed their horse was in balance when the forehand was inclined 13 ± 7° and -12 ± 9° for the hind hand.
• After the peak force on the rein, the horse’s trunk remained stable for 3.3 ± 2 s, and the trainer released the contact until they perceived the AAG as satisfactory.

Implications

• This mixed approach provided a pattern of action for the trainers based on contact, balance, and hoof-beat for executing AAGs.
• The research quantified rein tension, trunk movements, and the acceleration of the four limbs, which helped to give a more empirical understanding of the trainers’ feelings and their interactions with the horse.
• The study’s findings have informed new training methods that can be applied to other equestrian activities, demonstrating the broader applicability of the research.