Borna disease virus-specific circulating immune complexes, antigenemia, and free antibodies–the key marker triplet determining infection and prevailing in severe mood disorders.
Abstract: Borna disease virus (BDV), a unique genetically highly conserved RNA virus (Bornaviridae; Mononegavirales), preferentially targets neurons of limbic structures causing behavioral abnormalities in animals. Markers and virus in patients with affective disorders and schizophrenia have raised worldwide interest. A persistent infection was suggestive from follow-up studies, but inconstant detectability weakened a possible linkage.This study for the first time discloses that detection gaps are caused by BDV-specific circulating immune complexes (CIC), and their interplay with free antibodies and plasma antigens (p40/p24). Screening 3000 sera each from human and equine patients over the past 4 years by new enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) revealed that BDV-CICs indicate 10 times higher infection rates (up to 30% in controls, up to 100% in patients) than did previous serology. Persistence of high amounts of CICs and plasma antigens correlates with severity of depression. Even BDV RNA could be detected in plasma samples with strong antigenemia. Our discovery not only explains the course of persistent infection, but offers novel easy-to-use diagnostic tools by which new insights into BDV-related etiopathogenesis of disease and epidemiology are possible.
Publication Date: 2001-07-10 PubMed ID: 11443538DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4000909Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Multicenter Study
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research article focuses on the role of Borna disease virus (BDV), a unique RNA virus, in serious mood disorders such as depression and schizophrenia. The study reveals that BDV infection rates are significantly higher than previously thought, and that the persistence of certain markers in the blood are linked with the severity of depression.
Understanding Borna Disease Virus (BDV)
- The Borna disease virus (BDV) is an RNA-based virus, and part of the Bornaviridae family within the Mononegavirales order. It primarily targets neurons in the limbic structures of the brain, which is the area responsible for emotional responses. Hence, it’s thought to cause behavioral abnormalities in animals.
- Past research has hinted at a persistent infection related to BDV. However, detection of the virus proved to be inconsistent, complicating our understanding of its relationship to affective disorders and schizophrenia.
An Insight into the Triplet Markers
- The study suggests the inconsistency in detection might be due to BDV-specific circulating immune complexes (CIC), and their interaction with free antibodies and plasma antigens (p40/p24). These could be causing the so-called ‘detection gaps’.
- These markers – CICs, antigenemia, and free antibodies – were found to be essential in identifying and understanding the course of BDV infections.
Relevance to Mood Disorders
- Researchers used new enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) to screen 3000 human and equine patient sera over four years. The results indicated that BDV-CICs could correspond to infection rates that are ten times higher than those identified through previous serology-based methods.
- It was found that a high presence of CICs and plasma antigens correlated with the severity of depression; meaning, the symptoms of depression were more severe in individuals with higher amounts of these markers.
- The researchers were even able to detect BDV RNA in plasma samples with strong antigenemia.
Implications of the Research
- This study provides valuable insights into the persistence of BDV infection, and explains previous inconsistencies in data relating to it, thanks to the newly identified key markers.
- The research also presents new diagnostic tools, which will help acquire a better understanding of BDV-related diseases, their etiopathogenesis, and their epidemiology.
Cite This Article
APA
Bode L, Reckwald P, Severus WE, Stoyloff R, Ferszt R, Dietrich DE, Ludwig H.
(2001).
Borna disease virus-specific circulating immune complexes, antigenemia, and free antibodies–the key marker triplet determining infection and prevailing in severe mood disorders.
Mol Psychiatry, 6(4), 481-491.
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4000909 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Project Bornavirus Infections, Robert Koch-Institut, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany. bodel@rki.de
MeSH Terms
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral / blood
- Antigen-Antibody Complex / blood
- Antigens, Viral / blood
- Bipolar Disorder / blood
- Bipolar Disorder / immunology
- Borna Disease / blood
- Borna Disease / genetics
- Borna Disease / immunology
- Borna disease virus / immunology
- Depressive Disorder / blood
- Depressive Disorder / immunology
- Female
- Horse Diseases / blood
- Horses / blood
- Horses / virology
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mood Disorders / blood
- Mood Disorders / immunology
Citations
This article has been cited 23 times.- Zhang Y, Alwin Prem Anand A, Bode L, Ludwig H, Emrich HM, Dietrich DE. Word recognition memory and serum levels of Borna disease virus specific circulating immune complexes in obsessive-compulsive disorder.. BMC Psychiatry 2022 Sep 8;22(1):597.
- More S, Bøtner A, Butterworth A, Calistri P, Depner K, Edwards S, Garin-Bastuji B, Good M, Gortázar Schmidt C, Michel V, Miranda MA, Nielsen SS, Raj M, Sihvonen L, Spoolder H, Stegeman JA, Thulke HH, Velarde A, Willeberg P, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Dhollander S, Beltrán-Beck B, Kohnle L, Bicout D. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): Borna disease.. EFSA J 2017 Jul;15(7):e04951.
- Dietrich DE, Bode L, Spannhuth CW, Hecker H, Ludwig H, Emrich HM. Antiviral treatment perspective against Borna disease virus 1 infection in major depression: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2020 Feb 17;21(1):12.
- . Bornavirus : Stellungnahmen des Arbeitskreises Blut des Bundesministeriums für Gesundheit.. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2019 Apr;62(4):519-532.
- Zaliunaite V, Steibliene V, Bode L, Podlipskyte A, Bunevicius R, Ludwig H. Primary psychosis and Borna disease virus infection in Lithuania: a case control study.. BMC Psychiatry 2016 Nov 3;16(1):369.
- Scordel C, Huttin A, Cochet-Bernoin M, Szelechowski M, Poulet A, Richardson J, Benchoua A, Gonzalez-Dunia D, Eloit M, Coulpier M. Borna disease virus phosphoprotein impairs the developmental program controlling neurogenesis and reduces human GABAergic neurogenesis.. PLoS Pathog 2015 Apr;11(4):e1004859.
- Liu X, Bode L, Zhang L, Wang X, Liu S, Zhang L, Huang R, Wang M, Yang L, Chen S, Li Q, Zhu D, Ludwig H, Xie P. Health care professionals at risk of infection with Borna disease virus - evidence from a large hospital in China (Chongqing).. Virol J 2015 Mar 12;12:39.
- Mazaheri-Tehrani E, Maghsoudi N, Shams J, Soori H, Atashi H, Motamedi F, Bode L, Ludwig H. Borna disease virus (BDV) infection in psychiatric patients and healthy controls in Iran.. Virol J 2014 Sep 3;11:161.
- Zhang L, Lei Y, Liu X, Wang X, Liu Z, Li D, Zheng P, Zhang L, Chen S, Xie P. Glutamate and lipid metabolic perturbation in the hippocampi of asymptomatic borna disease virus-infected horses.. PLoS One 2014;9(6):e99752.
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- Bode L, Ludwig H. Borna disease virus infection, a human mental-health risk.. Clin Microbiol Rev 2003 Jul;16(3):534-45.
- Hornig M, Briese T, Lipkin WI. Borna disease virus.. J Neurovirol 2003 Apr;9(2):259-73.
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- Bajramovic JJ, Syan S, Brahic M, de la Torre JC, Gonzalez-Dunia D. 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine inhibits borna disease virus replication and spread.. J Virol 2002 Jun;76(12):6268-76.
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