FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Cancers (Basel) / Breast Cancer: How Hippotherapy Bridges the Gap between Heal...
Cancers2023; 15(4); 1317; doi: 10.3390/cancers15041317

Breast Cancer: How Hippotherapy Bridges the Gap between Healing and Recovery-A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Abstract: Breast cancer is the most diagnosed women's cancer, and has a high survival rate. Despite great progress in detection and treatment, life reconstruction requires comprehensive cross-sectoral approaches between different disciplines and deeper consideration of the patient's challenges. Hippotherapy is an emerging specialized rehabilitation approach, performed by accredited health professionals and equine specialists, on specially trained horses via their movement, activating major paths for physical, mental, psychic and social reinforcement, and is synergistic to rehabilitative and supportive care. Methods: We conducted a randomized open, prospective, two-armed, controlled trial on the effectiveness of hippotherapy versus conventional supportive care on adult women with a diagnosis of breast cancer, after the period of primary treatment (surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy). The 6-month program included, in the treated group, an initial 1-week daily hippotherapy session, followed by three short 2-day sessions with an interval of 2 months between each, where the patients received conventional supportive care. The control group received 6 months of conventional supportive care. The primary end point was quality of life. Cognitive performances, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and body image were the secondary end points. Measurements were done through self-reported questionnaires. Results: We observed statistical differences in the evolution of the measured parameters over time between the two groups. The hippotherapy group showed a much faster, favorable and continuous improvement until the end of the program for each function assessed. The most striking improvements were observed in global quality of life, and fatigue, while breast cancer-specific quality of life, cognitive performance, anxiety and depression and body image showed a less marked but still statistically significant difference at the final post-treatment evaluation. Conclusions: We demonstrate the therapeutic relevance of hippotherapy, a one-health approach, as a key initial stage after cancer diagnosis and treatment to foster recovery. Furthermore, hippotherapy has a strong impact on cancer treatments' efficiency and reconstruction of patient's life and ecosystem. This work reveals a layer of complexity that needs to be broadly considered. Background: ClincalTrials.gov NCT04350398 accessed on 1 January 2022. Registered 17 April 2020, retrospectively registered; French Clinical Trials in Cancer Register RECF3818. Registered 18 March 2019, retrospectively registered.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2023-02-19 PubMed ID: 36831658PubMed Central: PMC9953804DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041317Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research study focuses on the impact of hippotherapy (a specialized form of rehabilitation involving horses) on the holistic recovery of women diagnosed with breast cancer, post their primary treatments. The study found that when compared to conventional supportive care, patients who underwent hippotherapy demonstrated significant improvements in mental and physical health parameters, thereby indicating the potential therapeutic benefits of this approach for post-treatment recovery in breast cancer patients.

Experiment Design

  • The research consisted of a randomized, open, prospective, two-armed, controlled trial investigating the impact of hippotherapy in comparison with conventional supportive care on adult women with a diagnosis of breast cancer after they had undergone primary treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy.
  • The participants were divided into two groups, with one group receiving the hippotherapy treatments and the other group (the control) only receiving standard supportive care.
  • The hippotherapy treatment regimen was spread across six months and consisted of daily sessions in the first week followed by three shorter sessions set two months apart. The control group underwent six months of routine care.
  • The main focus was on evaluating changes in the quality of life of the participants, while secondary considerations were cognitive performance, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and body image.
  • The researchers used self-reported questionnaires to gauge these parameters.

Results and Findings

  • The results showed a statistically significant improvement in the parameters measured for the hippotherapy group when compared with the control group. The participants displayed a more rapid and continuous improvement in the quality of life marker and fatigue levels.
  • Although the other markers (anxiety, depression, body image, and cognitive performance) showed less obvious improvement, they still displayed a significant difference when compared to the pre-treatment evaluation.
  • The results therefore significantly highlight the therapeutic benefits of hippotherapy for breast cancer patients post-treatment.

Significance and Conclusion

  • The study underscores the potential role of hippotherapy as an important stage of recovery after breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. It suggests that hippotherapy may have a profound impact on the efficacy of cancer treatments and on reconstructing the patient’s life and environment.
  • Despite being an initial study, the research reveals a more complex layer to consider when it comes to integrative, cross-disciplinary approaches towards patient care and recovery in breast cancer.
  • The findings of the study encourage more comprehensive approaches that consider the challenges faced by the patients and the potential for novel rehabilitative methods like hippotherapy to positively impact patient outcomes.

Cite This Article

APA
Viruega H, Galy C, Loriette C, Jacquot S, Houpeau JL, Gaviria M. (2023). Breast Cancer: How Hippotherapy Bridges the Gap between Healing and Recovery-A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Cancers (Basel), 15(4), 1317. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15041317

Publication

Cancers
ISSN: 2072-6694
NlmUniqueID: 101526829
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
PII: 1317

Researcher Affiliations

Viruega, Hélène
  • Equiphoria Institute, Combo Besso Rouges Parets, 48500 La Canourgue, France.
  • Clinical Neurosciences, Alliance Equiphoria, 4 Res du Sabot, 48500 La Canourgue, France.
Galy, Corinne
  • Equiphoria Institute, Combo Besso Rouges Parets, 48500 La Canourgue, France.
  • General and Homeopathic Practitioner, 2 rue Canton, 34090 Montpellier, France.
Loriette, Célia
  • Clinical Neurosciences, Alliance Equiphoria, 4 Res du Sabot, 48500 La Canourgue, France.
Jacquot, Stéphane
  • Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Clinique Clémentville, 25 rue de Clémentville, 34070 Montpellier, France.
Houpeau, Jean Louis
  • Department of Senology, Clinique Clémentville, 25 rue de Clémentville, 34070 Montpellier, France.
Gaviria, Manuel
  • Equiphoria Institute, Combo Besso Rouges Parets, 48500 La Canourgue, France.
  • Clinical Neurosciences, Alliance Equiphoria, 4 Res du Sabot, 48500 La Canourgue, France.

Grant Funding

  • N/A / Fondation Du00f4mes Pharma
  • N/A / Apicil Pru00e9voyance
  • N/A / Cru00e9dit Agricole du Languedoc
  • N/A / Fondation Cru00e9dit Agricole
  • N/A / Klu00e9sia

Conflict of Interest Statement

H.V. has shares in the Equiphoria Institute and Alliance Equiphoria. The remaining authors declare no competing interests. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

References

This article includes 135 references
  1. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2020.. CA Cancer J Clin 2020 Jan;70(1):7-30.
    doi: 10.3322/caac.21590pubmed: 31912902google scholar: lookup
  2. Veronesi U, Boyle P, Goldhirsch A, Orecchia R, Viale G. Breast cancer.. Lancet 2005 May 14-20;365(9472):1727-41.
    doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66546-4pubmed: 15894099google scholar: lookup
  3. Warrier S, Tapia G, Goltsman D, Beith J. An update in breast cancer screening and management.. Womens Health (Lond) 2016;12(2):229-39.
    doi: 10.2217/whe.15.105pmc: PMC5375048pubmed: 26689336google scholar: lookup
  4. Loibl S, Poortmans P, Morrow M, Denkert C, Curigliano G. Breast cancer.. Lancet 2021 May 8;397(10286):1750-1769.
    doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32381-3pubmed: 33812473google scholar: lookup
  5. Stan D, Loprinzi CL, Ruddy KJ. Breast cancer survivorship issues.. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2013 Aug;27(4):805-27, ix.
    doi: 10.1016/j.hoc.2013.05.005pmc: PMC3903408pubmed: 23915746google scholar: lookup
  6. Gegechkori N, Haines L, Lin JJ. Long-Term and Latent Side Effects of Specific Cancer Types.. Med Clin North Am 2017 Nov;101(6):1053-1073.
    doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2017.06.003pmc: PMC5777532pubmed: 28992854google scholar: lookup
  7. Pinto M, Calafiore D, Piccirillo MC, Costa M, Taskiran OO, de Sire A. Breast Cancer Survivorship: the Role of Rehabilitation According to the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health-a Scoping Review.. Curr Oncol Rep 2022 Sep;24(9):1163-1175.
    doi: 10.1007/s11912-022-01262-8pmc: PMC9467947pubmed: 35403973google scholar: lookup
  8. Romaniuk M, Evans J, Kidd C. Evaluation of an equine-assisted therapy program for veterans who identify as 'wounded, injured or ill' and their partners.. PLoS One 2018;13(9):e0203943.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203943pmc: PMC6160012pubmed: 30260975google scholar: lookup
  9. Mutoh T, Mutoh T, Tsubone H, Takada M, Doumura M, Ihara M, Shimomura H, Taki Y, Ihara M. Impact of Long-Term Hippotherapy on the Walking Ability of Children With Cerebral Palsy and Quality of Life of Their Caregivers.. Front Neurol 2019;10:834.
    doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00834pmc: PMC6701452pubmed: 31456733google scholar: lookup
  10. Viruega H, Gaillard I, Carr J, Greenwood B, Gaviria M. Short- and Mid-Term Improvement of Postural Balance after a Neurorehabilitation Program via Hippotherapy in Patients with Sensorimotor Impairment after Cerebral Palsy: A Preliminary Kinetic Approach.. Brain Sci 2019 Sep 29;9(10).
    doi: 10.3390/brainsci9100261pmc: PMC6826615pubmed: 31569505google scholar: lookup
  11. Moraes AG PT, MSc, Copetti F PhD, Ângelo VR BS, Chiavoloni L BS, de David AC PhD. Hippotherapy on postural balance in the sitting position of children with cerebral palsy - Longitudinal study.. Physiother Theory Pract 2020 Feb;36(2):259-266.
    doi: 10.1080/09593985.2018.1484534pubmed: 29889590google scholar: lookup
  12. Viruega H, Gaillard I, Briatte L, Gaviria M. Inter-Day Reliability and Changes of Surface Electromyography on Two Postural Muscles Throughout 12 Weeks of Hippotherapy on Patients with Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study.. Brain Sci 2020 May 6;10(5).
    doi: 10.3390/brainsci10050281pmc: PMC7288184pubmed: 32384678google scholar: lookup
  13. Santos de Assis G, Schlichting T, Rodrigues Mateus B, Gomes Lemos A, Dos Santos AN. Physical therapy with hippotherapy compared to physical therapy alone in children with cerebral palsy: systematic review and meta-analysis.. Dev Med Child Neurol 2022 Feb;64(2):156-161.
    doi: 10.1111/dmcn.15042pubmed: 34453750google scholar: lookup
  14. Viruega H, Imbernon C, Chausson N, Altarcha T, Aghasaryan M, Soumah D, Lescieux E, Flamand-Roze C, Simon O, Bedin A, Smadja D, Gaviria M. Neurorehabilitation through Hippotherapy on Neurofunctional Sequels of Stroke: Effect on Patients' Functional Independence, Sensorimotor/Cognitive Capacities and Quality of Life, and the Quality of Life of Their Caregivers-A Study Protocol.. Brain Sci 2022 May 9;12(5).
    doi: 10.3390/brainsci12050619pmc: PMC9139443pubmed: 35625006google scholar: lookup
  15. Buetow SA, Martínez-Martín P, McCormack B. Ultrabilitation: beyond recovery-oriented rehabilitation.. Disabil Rehabil 2019 Mar;41(6):740-745.
    doi: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1406997pubmed: 29179594google scholar: lookup
  16. Kapur N. Paradoxes in rehabilitation.. Disabil Rehabil 2020 Jun;42(11):1495-1502.
    doi: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1572795pubmed: 30741029google scholar: lookup
  17. Viruega H, Gaviria M. After 55 Years of Neurorehabilitation, What Is the Plan?. Brain Sci 2022 Jul 26;12(8).
    doi: 10.3390/brainsci12080982pmc: PMC9330852pubmed: 35892423google scholar: lookup
  18. Oh Y, Joung YS, Jang B, Yoo JH, Song J, Kim J, Kim K, Kim S, Lee J, Shin HY, Kwon JY, Kim YH, Jeong B. Efficacy of Hippotherapy Versus Pharmacotherapy in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.. J Altern Complement Med 2018 May;24(5):463-471.
    doi: 10.1089/acm.2017.0358pubmed: 29641212google scholar: lookup
  19. Guindos-Sanchez L, Lucena-Anton D, Moral-Munoz JA, Salazar A, Carmona-Barrientos I. The Effectiveness of Hippotherapy to Recover Gross Motor Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. Children (Basel) 2020 Aug 19;7(9).
    doi: 10.3390/children7090106pmc: PMC7552760pubmed: 32825159google scholar: lookup
  20. Marquez J, Weerasekara I, Chambers L. Hippotherapy in adults with acquired brain injury: A systematic review.. Physiother Theory Pract 2020 Jul;36(7):779-790.
    doi: 10.1080/09593985.2018.1494233pubmed: 30015542google scholar: lookup
  21. Wood WH, Fields BE. Hippotherapy: a systematic mapping review of peer-reviewed research, 1980 to 2018.. Disabil Rehabil 2021 May;43(10):1463-1487.
    doi: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1653997pubmed: 31491353google scholar: lookup
  22. Maresca G, Portaro S, Naro A, Crisafulli R, Raffa A, Scarcella I, Aliberti B, Gemelli G, Calabrò RS. Hippotherapy in neurodevelopmental disorders: a narrative review focusing on cognitive and behavioral outcomes.. Appl Neuropsychol Child 2022 Jul-Sep;11(3):553-560.
    doi: 10.1080/21622965.2020.1852084pubmed: 33949903google scholar: lookup
  23. Potvin-Bélanger A, Vincent C, Freeman A, Flamand VH. Impact of hippotherapy on the life habits of children with disabilities: a systematic review.. Disabil Rehabil 2022 Dec;44(26):8161-8175.
    doi: 10.1080/09638288.2021.2012847pubmed: 35043743google scholar: lookup
  24. Uchiyama H, Ohtani N, Ohta M. Three-dimensional analysis of horse and human gaits in therapeutic riding. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 2011;135:271–276.
    doi: 10.1016/j.applanim.2011.10.024google scholar: lookup
  25. Gabriels RL, Pan Z, Dechant B, Agnew JA, Brim N, Mesibov G. Randomized Controlled Trial of Therapeutic Horseback Riding in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder.. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015 Jul;54(7):541-9.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2015.04.007pmc: PMC4475278pubmed: 26088658google scholar: lookup
  26. Fisher PW, Lazarov A, Lowell A, Arnon S, Turner JB, Bergman M, Ryba M, Such S, Marohasy C, Zhu X, Suarez-Jimenez B, Markowitz JC, Neria Y. Equine-Assisted Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Military Veterans: An Open Trial.. J Clin Psychiatry 2021 Aug 31;82(5).
    doi: 10.4088/JCP.21m14005pubmed: 34464523google scholar: lookup
  27. Menor-Rodríguez MJ, Sevilla Martín M, Sánchez-García JC, Montiel-Troya M, Cortés-Martín J, Rodríguez-Blanque R. Role and Effects of Hippotherapy in the Treatment of Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review of the Literature.. J Clin Med 2021 Jun 11;10(12).
    doi: 10.3390/jcm10122589pmc: PMC8230898pubmed: 34208206google scholar: lookup
  28. Moraes AG, Neri SGR, Motl RW, Tauil CB, von Glehn F, Corrêa ÉC, de David AC. Effects of hippotherapy on postural balance, functional mobility, self-perceived fatigue, and quality of life in people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Secondary results of an exploratory clinical trial.. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021 Jul;52:102948.
    doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.102948pubmed: 33940496google scholar: lookup
  29. Lee N, Park S, Kim J. Hippotherapy and neurofeedback training effect on the brain function and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor level changes in children with attention-deficit or/and hyperactivity disorder.. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2017 Sep 30;21(3):35-42.
    doi: 10.20463/jenb.2017.0018pmc: PMC5643204pubmed: 29036764google scholar: lookup
  30. Silkwood-Sherer DJ, McGibbon NH. Can hippotherapy make a difference in the quality of life of children with cerebral palsy? A pragmatic study.. Physiother Theory Pract 2022 Mar;38(3):390-400.
    doi: 10.1080/09593985.2020.1759167pubmed: 32406798google scholar: lookup
  31. Bunketorp-Käll L, Lundgren-Nilsson Å, Samuelsson H, Pekny T, Blomvé K, Pekna M, Pekny M, Blomstrand C, Nilsson M. Long-Term Improvements After Multimodal Rehabilitation in Late Phase After Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial.. Stroke 2017 Jul;48(7):1916-1924.
    doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.016433pubmed: 28619985google scholar: lookup
  32. Bunketorp-Käll L, Pekna M, Pekny M, Blomstrand C, Nilsson M. Effects of horse-riding therapy and rhythm and music-based therapy on functional mobility in late phase after stroke.. NeuroRehabilitation 2019 Dec 18;45(4):483-492.
    doi: 10.3233/NRE-192905pmc: PMC7029334pubmed: 31868694google scholar: lookup
  33. Cerulli C, Minganti C, De Santis C, Tranchita E, Quaranta F, Parisi A. Therapeutic horseback riding in breast cancer survivors: a pilot study.. J Altern Complement Med 2014 Aug;20(8):623-9.
    doi: 10.1089/acm.2014.0061pubmed: 24963599google scholar: lookup
  34. Oken MM, Creech RH, Tormey DC, Horton J, Davis TE, McFadden ET, Carbone PP. Toxicity and response criteria of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.. Am J Clin Oncol 1982 Dec;5(6):649-55.
    doi: 10.1097/00000421-198212000-00014pubmed: 7165009google scholar: lookup
  35. R Core Team R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing 2022. [(accessed on 1 October 2022)]. Available online: https://www.R-project.org/
  36. Klein D, Mercier M, Abeilard E, Puyraveau M, Danzon A, Dalstein V, Pozet A, Guizard AV, Henry-Amar M, Velten M. Long-term quality of life after breast cancer: a French registry-based controlled study.. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011 Aug;129(1):125-34.
    doi: 10.1007/s10549-011-1408-3pubmed: 21340477google scholar: lookup
  37. Klafke N, Mahler C, von Hagens C, Rochon J, Schneeweiss A, Müller A, Salize HJ, Joos S. A complex nursing intervention of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to increase quality of life in patients with breast and gynecologic cancer undergoing chemotherapy: study protocol for a partially randomized patient preference trial.. Trials 2015 Feb 15;16:51.
    doi: 10.1186/s13063-014-0538-4pmc: PMC4337273pubmed: 25887713google scholar: lookup
  38. Lua PL, Salihah N, Mazlan N. Effects of inhaled ginger aromatherapy on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and health-related quality of life in women with breast cancer.. Complement Ther Med 2015 Jun;23(3):396-404.
    doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2015.03.009pubmed: 26051575google scholar: lookup
  39. Mohammadi S, Sulaiman S, Koon PB, Amani R, Hosseini SM. Impact of healthy eating practices and physical activity on quality of life among breast cancer survivors.. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013;14(1):481-7.
    doi: 10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.1.481pubmed: 23534778google scholar: lookup
  40. Vardar Yağlı N, Şener G, Arıkan H, Sağlam M, İnal İnce D, Savcı S, Çalık Kutukcu E, Altundağ K, Kaya EB, Kutluk T, Özışık Y. Do yoga and aerobic exercise training have impact on functional capacity, fatigue, peripheral muscle strength, and quality of life in breast cancer survivors?. Integr Cancer Ther 2015 Mar;14(2):125-32.
    doi: 10.1177/1534735414565699pubmed: 25567329google scholar: lookup
  41. Cousson-Gélie F, Bruchon-Schweitzer M, Atzeni T, Houede N. Evaluation of a psychosocial intervention on social support, perceived control, coping strategies, emotional distress, and quality of life of breast cancer patients.. Psychol Rep 2011 Jun;108(3):923-42.
    doi: 10.2466/02.07.15.20.PR0.108.3.923-942pubmed: 21879639google scholar: lookup
  42. Field AP, Wilcox RR. Robust statistical methods: A primer for clinical psychology and experimental psychopathology researchers.. Behav Res Ther 2017 Nov;98:19-38.
    doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2017.05.013pubmed: 28577757google scholar: lookup
  43. Mair P, Wilcox R. Robust statistical methods in R using the WRS2 package.. Behav Res Methods 2020 Apr;52(2):464-488.
    doi: 10.3758/s13428-019-01246-wpubmed: 31152384google scholar: lookup
  44. Pitron V, Alsmith A, de Vignemont F. How do the body schema and the body image interact?. Conscious Cogn 2018 Oct;65:352-358.
    doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2018.08.007pubmed: 30262229google scholar: lookup
  45. Bromberg P. Standing in the Spaces: Essays on Clinical Process, Trauma, and Dissociation. Psychoanal. Psychol. 2000;17:432–436.
    doi: 10.1037/0736-9735.17.2.432google scholar: lookup
  46. Gaviria M, Celeghin A, Michael-Titus AT, Pallier PN. Editorial: Brain Plasticity and Contribution of the Emotional Brain to Neural Remodelling After Injury.. Front Neurol 2020;11:606271.
    doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.606271pmc: PMC7649151pubmed: 33193069google scholar: lookup
  47. Viruega H, Gaviria M. Functional Weight of Somatic and Cognitive Networks and Asymmetry of Compensatory Mechanisms: Collaboration or Divergency among Hemispheres after Cerebrovascular Accident?. Life (Basel) 2021 May 28;11(6).
    doi: 10.3390/life11060495pmc: PMC8226640pubmed: 34071611google scholar: lookup
  48. Diaz Heijtz R, Kolb B, Forssberg H. Can a therapeutic dose of amphetamine during pre-adolescence modify the pattern of synaptic organization in the brain?. Eur J Neurosci 2003 Dec;18(12):3394-9.
    doi: 10.1046/j.0953-816X.2003.03067.xpubmed: 14686913google scholar: lookup
  49. Horn G. Pathways of the past: the imprint of memory.. Nat Rev Neurosci 2004 Feb;5(2):108-20.
    doi: 10.1038/nrn1324pubmed: 14735114google scholar: lookup
  50. Kolb B, Muhammad A. Harnessing the power of neuroplasticity for intervention.. Front Hum Neurosci 2014;8:377.
    doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00377pmc: PMC4072970pubmed: 25018713google scholar: lookup
  51. Aaronson NK, Ahmedzai S, Bergman B, Bullinger M, Cull A, Duez NJ, Filiberti A, Flechtner H, Fleishman SB, de Haes JC. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30: a quality-of-life instrument for use in international clinical trials in oncology.. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993 Mar 3;85(5):365-76.
    doi: 10.1093/jnci/85.5.365pubmed: 8433390google scholar: lookup
  52. Fayers P, Aaronson NK, Bjordal K, Groenvold M, Curran D, Bottomley A. EORTC QLQ-C30 Scoring Manual. European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer; Brussels, Belgium: 2001.
  53. Costa DS, Aaronson NK, Fayers PM, Pallant JF, Velikova G, King MT. Testing the measurement invariance of the EORTC QLQ-C30 across primary cancer sites using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis.. Qual Life Res 2015 Jan;24(1):125-33.
    doi: 10.1007/s11136-014-0799-0pubmed: 25193618google scholar: lookup
  54. Sprangers MA, Groenvold M, Arraras JI, Franklin J, te Velde A, Muller M, Franzini L, Williams A, de Haes HC, Hopwood P, Cull A, Aaronson NK. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer breast cancer-specific quality-of-life questionnaire module: first results from a three-country field study.. J Clin Oncol 1996 Oct;14(10):2756-68.
    doi: 10.1200/JCO.1996.14.10.2756pubmed: 8874337google scholar: lookup
  55. Nguyen J, Popovic M, Chow E, Cella D, Beaumont JL, Chu D, DiGiovanni J, Lam H, Pulenzas N, Bottomley A. EORTC QLQ-BR23 and FACT-B for the assessment of quality of life in patients with breast cancer: a literature review.. J Comp Eff Res 2015 Mar;4(2):157-66.
    doi: 10.2217/cer.14.76pubmed: 25825844google scholar: lookup
  56. McLachlan SA, Devins GM, Goodwin PJ. Validation of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) as a measure of psychosocial function in breast cancer patients.. Eur J Cancer 1998 Mar;34(4):510-7.
    doi: 10.1016/S0959-8049(97)10076-4pubmed: 9713301google scholar: lookup
  57. Joly F, Lange M, Rigal O, Correia H, Giffard B, Beaumont JL, Clisant S, Wagner L. French version of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function (FACT-Cog) version 3.. Support Care Cancer 2012 Dec;20(12):3297-305.
    doi: 10.1007/s00520-012-1439-2pubmed: 22549504google scholar: lookup
  58. Wagner LI, Sweet J, Butt Z, Lai J, Cella D. Measuring patient self-reported cognitive function: Development of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Cognitive Function Instrument. J. Support. Oncol. 2009;7:W32–W39.
  59. Lange M, Heutte N, Morel N, Eustache F, Joly F, Giffard B. Cognitive complaints in cancer: The French version of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function (FACT-Cog), normative data from a healthy population.. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2016;26(3):392-409.
    doi: 10.1080/09602011.2015.1036890pubmed: 25947039google scholar: lookup
  60. Smets EM, Garssen B, Bonke B, De Haes JC. The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) psychometric qualities of an instrument to assess fatigue.. J Psychosom Res 1995 Apr;39(3):315-25.
    doi: 10.1016/0022-3999(94)00125-Opubmed: 7636775google scholar: lookup
  61. Smets EM, Garssen B, Cull A, de Haes JC. Application of the multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI-20) in cancer patients receiving radiotherapy.. Br J Cancer 1996 Jan;73(2):241-5.
    doi: 10.1038/bjc.1996.42pmc: PMC2074317pubmed: 8546913google scholar: lookup
  62. Gentile S, Delarozière JC, Favre F, Sambuc R, San Marco JL. Validation of the French 'multidimensional fatigue inventory' (MFI 20).. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2003 Mar;12(1):58-64.
    doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2354.2003.00295.xpubmed: 12641557google scholar: lookup
  63. Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale.. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1983 Jun;67(6):361-70.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.xpubmed: 6880820google scholar: lookup
  64. Razavi D, Delvaux N, Farvacques C, Robaye E. Validation de la version française du HADS dans une population de patients cancéreux hospitalisés. [Validation of the French version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in a population of hospitalized cancer patients.]. Rev. Psychol. Appliquée. 1989;39:295–307.
  65. Annunziata MA, Muzzatti B, Bidoli E, Flaiban C, Bomben F, Piccinin M, Gipponi KM, Mariutti G, Busato S, Mella S. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) accuracy in cancer patients.. Support Care Cancer 2020 Aug;28(8):3921-3926.
    doi: 10.1007/s00520-019-05244-8pubmed: 31858249google scholar: lookup
  66. Hopwood P, Fletcher I, Lee A, Al Ghazal S. A body image scale for use with cancer patients.. Eur J Cancer 2001 Jan;37(2):189-97.
    doi: 10.1016/S0959-8049(00)00353-1pubmed: 11166145google scholar: lookup
  67. Brédart A, Swaine Verdier A, Dolbeault S. Traduction/adaptation française de l’échelle “Body Image Scale” (BIS) évaluant la perception de l’image du corps chez des femmes atteintes de cancer du sein. Psycho-Oncol. 2007;1:24–30.
    doi: 10.1007/s11839-007-0001-9google scholar: lookup
  68. WHOQOL—Measuring Quality of Life|The World Health Organization. [(accessed on 20 September 2022)]. Available online: https://www.who.int/tools/whoqol.
  69. Karsten MM, Roehle R, Albers S, Pross T, Hage AM, Weiler K, Fischer F, Rose M, Kühn F, Blohmer JU. Real-world reference scores for EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-BR23 in early breast cancer patients.. Eur J Cancer 2022 Mar;163:128-139.
    doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.12.020pubmed: 35066338google scholar: lookup
  70. Osoba D, Rodrigues G, Myles J, Zee B, Pater J. Interpreting the significance of changes in health-related quality-of-life scores.. J Clin Oncol 1998 Jan;16(1):139-44.
    doi: 10.1200/JCO.1998.16.1.139pubmed: 9440735google scholar: lookup
  71. Cheung YT, Foo YL, Shwe M, Tan YP, Fan G, Yong WS, Madhukumar P, Ooi WS, Chay WY, Dent RA, Ang SF, Lo SK, Yap YS, Ng R, Chan A. Minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the functional assessment of cancer therapy: cognitive function (FACT-Cog) in breast cancer patients.. J Clin Epidemiol 2014 Jul;67(7):811-20.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.12.011pubmed: 24656406google scholar: lookup
  72. Janelsins MC, Heckler CE, Peppone LJ, Kamen C, Mustian KM, Mohile SG, Magnuson A, Kleckner IR, Guido JJ, Young KL, Conlin AK, Weiselberg LR, Mitchell JW, Ambrosone CA, Ahles TA, Morrow GR. Cognitive Complaints in Survivors of Breast Cancer After Chemotherapy Compared With Age-Matched Controls: An Analysis From a Nationwide, Multicenter, Prospective Longitudinal Study.. J Clin Oncol 2017 Feb 10;35(5):506-514.
    doi: 10.1200/JCO.2016.68.5826pmc: PMC5455314pubmed: 28029304google scholar: lookup
  73. Maass SWMC, Brandenbarg D, Boerman LM, Verhaak PFM, de Bock GH, Berendsen AJ. Fatigue among Long-Term Breast Cancer Survivors: A Controlled Cross-Sectional Study.. Cancers (Basel) 2021 Mar 15;13(6).
    doi: 10.3390/cancers13061301pmc: PMC8001130pubmed: 33803966google scholar: lookup
  74. Perez-Tejada J, Labaka A, Vegas O, Larraioz A, Pescador A, Arregi A. Anxiety and depression after breast cancer: The predictive role of monoamine levels.. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2021 Jun;52:101953.
    doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2021.101953pubmed: 33813184google scholar: lookup
  75. Mallet J, Huillard O, Goldwasser F, Dubertret C, Le Strat Y. Mental disorders associated with recent cancer diagnosis: Results from a nationally representative survey.. Eur J Cancer 2018 Dec;105:10-18.
    doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.09.038pubmed: 30388660google scholar: lookup
  76. Cheng KKF, Lim YTE, Koh ZM, Tam WWS. Home-based multidimensional survivorship programmes for breast cancer survivors.. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 Aug 24;8(8):CD011152.
    doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011152.pub2pmc: PMC6483678pubmed: 28836379google scholar: lookup
  77. Park EM, Gelber S, Rosenberg SM, Seah DSE, Schapira L, Come SE, Partridge AH. Anxiety and Depression in Young Women With Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study.. Psychosomatics 2018 May-Jun;59(3):251-258.
    doi: 10.1016/j.psym.2018.01.007pmc: PMC5935568pubmed: 29525523google scholar: lookup
  78. Kołodziejczyk A, Pawłowski T. Negative body image in breast cancer patients.. Adv Clin Exp Med 2019 Aug;28(8):1137-1142.
    doi: 10.17219/acem/103626pubmed: 30817097google scholar: lookup
  79. Brunet J, Price J. A scoping review of measures used to assess body image in women with breast cancer.. Psychooncology 2021 May;30(5):669-680.
    doi: 10.1002/pon.5619pubmed: 33480160google scholar: lookup
  80. Morales-Sánchez L, Luque-Ribelles V, Gil-Olarte P, Ruiz-González P, Guil R. Enhancing Self-Esteem and Body Image of Breast Cancer Women through Interventions: A Systematic Review.. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 Feb 9;18(4).
    doi: 10.3390/ijerph18041640pmc: PMC7914971pubmed: 33572137google scholar: lookup
  81. Greenlee H, DuPont-Reyes MJ, Balneaves LG, Carlson LE, Cohen MR, Deng G, Johnson JA, Mumber M, Seely D, Zick SM, Boyce LM, Tripathy D. Clinical practice guidelines on the evidence-based use of integrative therapies during and after breast cancer treatment.. CA Cancer J Clin 2017 May 6;67(3):194-232.
    doi: 10.3322/caac.21397pmc: PMC5892208pubmed: 28436999google scholar: lookup
  82. Latte-Naor S, Mao JJ. Putting Integrative Oncology Into Practice: Concepts and Approaches.. J Oncol Pract 2019 Jan;15(1):7-14.
    doi: 10.1200/JOP.18.00554pmc: PMC6333385pubmed: 30629900google scholar: lookup
  83. Jeibouei S, Akbari ME, Kalbasi A, Aref AR, Ajoudanian M, Rezvani A, Zali H. Personalized medicine in breast cancer: pharmacogenomics approaches.. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2019;12:59-73.
    doi: 10.2147/PGPM.S167886pmc: PMC6549747pubmed: 31213877google scholar: lookup
  84. Parsons J, Francavilla C. 'Omics Approaches to Explore the Breast Cancer Landscape.. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019;7:395.
    doi: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00395pmc: PMC6987401pubmed: 32039208google scholar: lookup
  85. Freitas AJA, Causin RL, Varuzza MB, Hidalgo Filho CMT, Silva VDD, Souza CP, Marques MMC. Molecular Biomarkers Predict Pathological Complete Response of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients: Review.. Cancers (Basel) 2021 Oct 31;13(21).
    doi: 10.3390/cancers13215477pmc: PMC8582511pubmed: 34771640google scholar: lookup
  86. Rossi C, Cicalini I, Cufaro MC, Consalvo A, Upadhyaya P, Sala G, Antonucci I, Del Boccio P, Stuppia L, De Laurenzi V. Breast cancer in the era of integrating "Omics" approaches.. Oncogenesis 2022 Apr 14;11(1):17.
    doi: 10.1038/s41389-022-00393-8pmc: PMC9010455pubmed: 35422484google scholar: lookup
  87. Skuse A. Constructions of Cancer in Early Modern England: Ravenous Natures. Palgrave Macmillan; London, UK: 2015. Wellcome Trust–Funded Monographs and Book Chapters.
    pubmed: 31577403
  88. Greenlee H, Balneaves LG, Carlson LE, Cohen M, Deng G, Hershman D, Mumber M, Perlmutter J, Seely D, Sen A, Zick SM, Tripathy D. Clinical practice guidelines on the use of integrative therapies as supportive care in patients treated for breast cancer.. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2014 Nov;2014(50):346-58.
    doi: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgu041pmc: PMC4411539pubmed: 25749602google scholar: lookup
  89. Lyman GH, Greenlee H, Bohlke K, Bao T, DeMichele AM, Deng GE, Fouladbakhsh JM, Gil B, Hershman DL, Mansfield S, Mussallem DM, Mustian KM, Price E, Rafte S, Cohen L. Integrative Therapies During and After Breast Cancer Treatment: ASCO Endorsement of the SIO Clinical Practice Guideline.. J Clin Oncol 2018 Sep 1;36(25):2647-2655.
    doi: 10.1200/JCO.2018.79.2721pubmed: 29889605google scholar: lookup
  90. Wirtshafter HS, Wilson MA. Locomotor and Hippocampal Processing Converge in the Lateral Septum.. Curr Biol 2019 Oct 7;29(19):3177-3192.e3.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.07.089pubmed: 31543450google scholar: lookup
  91. Wirtshafter HS, Wilson MA. Differences in reward biased spatial representations in the lateral septum and hippocampus.. Elife 2020 May 26;9.
    doi: 10.7554/eLife.55252pmc: PMC7274787pubmed: 32452763google scholar: lookup
  92. Wirtshafter HS, Wilson MA. Lateral septum as a nexus for mood, motivation, and movement.. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021 Jul;126:544-559.
    doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.03.029pubmed: 33848512google scholar: lookup
  93. Maravita A, Spence C, Driver J. Multisensory integration and the body schema: close to hand and within reach.. Curr Biol 2003 Jul 1;13(13):R531-9.
    doi: 10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00449-4pubmed: 12842033google scholar: lookup
  94. Crochet S, Lee SH, Petersen CCH. Neural Circuits for Goal-Directed Sensorimotor Transformations.. Trends Neurosci 2019 Jan;42(1):66-77.
    doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2018.08.011pubmed: 30201180google scholar: lookup
  95. Buch ER, Liew SL, Cohen LG. Plasticity of Sensorimotor Networks: Multiple Overlapping Mechanisms.. Neuroscientist 2017 Apr;23(2):185-196.
    doi: 10.1177/1073858416638641pmc: PMC5108685pubmed: 26985069google scholar: lookup
  96. Manière G, Coureaud G. Editorial: From Stimulus to Behavioral Decision-Making.. Front Behav Neurosci 2019;13:274.
    doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00274pmc: PMC6965054pubmed: 31998089google scholar: lookup
  97. Le Merre P, Esmaeili V, Charrière E, Galan K, Salin PA, Petersen CCH, Crochet S. Reward-Based Learning Drives Rapid Sensory Signals in Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Dorsal Hippocampus Necessary for Goal-Directed Behavior.. Neuron 2018 Jan 3;97(1):83-91.e5.
    doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.11.031pmc: PMC5766832pubmed: 29249287google scholar: lookup
  98. Muller RU, Kubie JL. The effects of changes in the environment on the spatial firing of hippocampal complex-spike cells.. J Neurosci 1987 Jul;7(7):1951-68.
    doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.07-07-01951.1987pmc: PMC6568940pubmed: 3612226google scholar: lookup
  99. Aronov D, Nevers R, Tank DW. Mapping of a non-spatial dimension by the hippocampal-entorhinal circuit.. Nature 2017 Mar 29;543(7647):719-722.
    doi: 10.1038/nature21692pmc: PMC5492514pubmed: 28358077google scholar: lookup
  100. Li Y, Xu J, Liu Y, Zhu J, Liu N, Zeng W, Huang N, Rasch MJ, Jiang H, Gu X, Li X, Luo M, Li C, Teng J, Chen J, Zeng S, Lin L, Zhang X. A distinct entorhinal cortex to hippocampal CA1 direct circuit for olfactory associative learning.. Nat Neurosci 2017 Apr;20(4):559-570.
    doi: 10.1038/nn.4517pubmed: 28263300google scholar: lookup
  101. Kassab R, Alexandre F. Integration of exteroceptive and interoceptive information within the hippocampus: a computational study.. Front Syst Neurosci 2015;9:87.
    doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00087pmc: PMC4456570pubmed: 26097448google scholar: lookup
  102. Maguire EA, Mullally SL. The hippocampus: a manifesto for change.. J Exp Psychol Gen 2013 Nov;142(4):1180-9.
    doi: 10.1037/a0033650pmc: PMC3906798pubmed: 23855494google scholar: lookup
  103. Wang Q, Luo Y, Ray Chaudhuri K, Reynolds R, Tan EK, Pettersson S. The role of gut dysbiosis in Parkinson's disease: mechanistic insights and therapeutic options.. Brain 2021 Oct 22;144(9):2571-2593.
    doi: 10.1093/brain/awab156pubmed: 33856024google scholar: lookup
  104. Breit S, Kupferberg A, Rogler G, Hasler G. Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain-Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders.. Front Psychiatry 2018;9:44.
    doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00044pmc: PMC5859128pubmed: 29593576google scholar: lookup
  105. Stefano GB, Pilonis N, Ptacek R, Raboch J, Vnukova M, Kream RM. Gut, Microbiome, and Brain Regulatory Axis: Relevance to Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Disorders.. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2018 Aug;38(6):1197-1206.
    doi: 10.1007/s10571-018-0589-2pmc: PMC6061125pubmed: 29802603google scholar: lookup
  106. Evrensel A, Ceylan ME. The Gut-Brain Axis: The Missing Link in Depression.. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2015 Dec 31;13(3):239-44.
    doi: 10.9758/cpn.2015.13.3.239pmc: PMC4662178pubmed: 26598580google scholar: lookup
  107. Leclercq S, Forsythe P, Bienenstock J. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Does the Gut Microbiome Hold the Key?. Can J Psychiatry 2016 Apr;61(4):204-13.
    doi: 10.1177/0706743716635535pmc: PMC4794957pubmed: 27254412google scholar: lookup
  108. Consorti A, Di Marco I, Sansevero G. Physical Exercise Modulates Brain Physiology Through a Network of Long- and Short-Range Cellular Interactions.. Front Mol Neurosci 2021;14:710303.
    doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.710303pmc: PMC8417110pubmed: 34489641google scholar: lookup
  109. Fernandes J, Arida RM, Gomez-Pinilla F. Physical exercise as an epigenetic modulator of brain plasticity and cognition.. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017 Sep;80:443-456.
    doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.06.012pmc: PMC5705447pubmed: 28666827google scholar: lookup
  110. Di Liegro CM, Schiera G, Proia P, Di Liegro I. Physical Activity and Brain Health.. Genes (Basel) 2019 Sep 17;10(9).
    doi: 10.3390/genes10090720pmc: PMC6770965pubmed: 31533339google scholar: lookup
  111. Ehlers DK, DuBois K, Salerno EA. The effects of exercise on cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer patients during primary treatment: a meta-analysis and systematic review.. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2020 Oct;20(10):865-877.
    doi: 10.1080/14737140.2020.1813028pubmed: 32842816google scholar: lookup
  112. Thomas RJ, Kenfield SA, Jimenez A. Exercise-induced biochemical changes and their potential influence on cancer: a scientific review.. Br J Sports Med 2017 Apr;51(8):640-644.
    doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096343pmc: PMC5466928pubmed: 27993842google scholar: lookup
  113. Wagoner CW, Capozzi LC, Culos-Reed SN. Tailoring the Evidence for Exercise Oncology within Breast Cancer Care.. Curr Oncol 2022 Jul 9;29(7):4827-4841.
    doi: 10.3390/curroncol29070383pmc: PMC9322354pubmed: 35877243google scholar: lookup
  114. Wang J, Chen X, Wang L, Zhang C, Ma J, Zhao Q. Does aquatic physical therapy affect the rehabilitation of breast cancer in women? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.. PLoS One 2022;17(8):e0272337.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272337pmc: PMC9348687pubmed: 35921372google scholar: lookup
  115. Pudkasam S, Polman R, Pitcher M, Fisher M, Chinlumprasert N, Stojanovska L, Apostolopoulos V. Physical activity and breast cancer survivors: Importance of adherence, motivational interviewing and psychological health.. Maturitas 2018 Oct;116:66-72.
    doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.07.010pubmed: 30244781google scholar: lookup
  116. Sale A, Berardi N, Maffei L. Environment and brain plasticity: towards an endogenous pharmacotherapy.. Physiol Rev 2014 Jan;94(1):189-234.
    doi: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2012pubmed: 24382886google scholar: lookup
  117. Rodenkirch C, Carmel JB, Wang Q. Rapid Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Sensory Processing Through Activation of Neuromodulatory Systems.. Front Neurosci 2022;16:922424.
    doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.922424pmc: PMC9294458pubmed: 35864985google scholar: lookup
  118. Collins L, Boddington L, Steffan PJ, McCormick D. Vagus nerve stimulation induces widespread cortical and behavioral activation.. Curr Biol 2021 May 24;31(10):2088-2098.e3.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.02.049pubmed: 33740425google scholar: lookup
  119. Qin L, Jing D, Parauda S, Carmel J, Ratan RR, Lee FS, Cho S. An adaptive role for BDNF Val66Met polymorphism in motor recovery in chronic stroke.. J Neurosci 2014 Feb 12;34(7):2493-502.
    doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4140-13.2014pmc: PMC3921423pubmed: 24523540google scholar: lookup
  120. Koroleva ES, Tolmachev IV, Alifirova VM, Boiko AS, Levchuk LA, Loonen AJM, Ivanova SA. Serum BDNF's Role as a Biomarker for Motor Training in the Context of AR-Based Rehabilitation after Ischemic Stroke.. Brain Sci 2020 Sep 9;10(9).
    doi: 10.3390/brainsci10090623pmc: PMC7564457pubmed: 32916851google scholar: lookup
  121. Holzer P, Reichmann F, Farzi A. Neuropeptide Y, peptide YY and pancreatic polypeptide in the gut-brain axis.. Neuropeptides 2012 Dec;46(6):261-74.
    doi: 10.1016/j.npep.2012.08.005pmc: PMC3516703pubmed: 22979996google scholar: lookup
  122. Holzer P, Farzi A. Neuropeptides and the microbiota-gut-brain axis.. Adv Exp Med Biol 2014;817:195-219.
    doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0897-4_9pmc: PMC4359909pubmed: 24997035google scholar: lookup
  123. Welsh DK, Logothetis DE, Meister M, Reppert SM. Individual neurons dissociated from rat suprachiasmatic nucleus express independently phased circadian firing rhythms.. Neuron 1995 Apr;14(4):697-706.
    doi: 10.1016/0896-6273(95)90214-7pubmed: 7718233google scholar: lookup
  124. Cunha-Reis D, Caulino-Rocha A. VIP Modulation of Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity: A Role for VIP Receptors as Therapeutic Targets in Cognitive Decline and Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.. Front Cell Neurosci 2020;14:153.
    doi: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00153pmc: PMC7303298pubmed: 32595454google scholar: lookup
  125. Shen YC, Sun X, Li L, Zhang HY, Huang ZL, Wang YQ. Roles of Neuropeptides in Sleep-Wake Regulation.. Int J Mol Sci 2022 Apr 21;23(9).
    doi: 10.3390/ijms23094599pmc: PMC9103574pubmed: 35562990google scholar: lookup
  126. Siebers M, Biedermann SV, Bindila L, Lutz B, Fuss J. Exercise-induced euphoria and anxiolysis do not depend on endogenous opioids in humans.. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021 Apr;126:105173.
    doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105173pubmed: 33582575google scholar: lookup
  127. Hackler L, Zadina JE, Ge LJ, Kastin AJ. Isolation of relatively large amounts of endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 from human brain cortex.. Peptides 1997;18(10):1635-9.
    doi: 10.1016/S0196-9781(97)00259-3pubmed: 9437727google scholar: lookup
  128. Zadina JE, Hackler L, Ge LJ, Kastin AJ. A potent and selective endogenous agonist for the mu-opiate receptor.. Nature 1997 Apr 3;386(6624):499-502.
    doi: 10.1038/386499a0pubmed: 9087409google scholar: lookup
  129. Tabares C, Vicente F, Sánchez S, Aparicio A, Alejo S, Cubero J. Quantification of hormonal changes by effects of hippotherapy in the autistic population. Neurochem. J. 2012;6:311–316.
    doi: 10.1134/S1819712412040125google scholar: lookup
  130. Clark-Kennedy AE. Value judgements in medical practice.. J R Coll Physicians Lond 1970 Oct;5(1):5-12.
    pmc: PMC5366633pubmed: 5527856
  131. Epstein RM. Mindful practice.. JAMA 1999 Sep 1;282(9):833-9.
    doi: 10.1001/jama.282.9.833pubmed: 10478689google scholar: lookup
  132. Miller FG, Joffe S, Kesselheim AS. Evidence, errors, and ethics.. Perspect Biol Med 2014 Summer;57(3):299-307.
    doi: 10.1353/pbm.2014.0024pubmed: 25959345google scholar: lookup
  133. Saslow C. Understanding the perceptual world of horses. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 2002;78:209–224.
    doi: 10.1016/S0168-1591(02)00092-8google scholar: lookup
  134. Sacks O. An Anthropologist on Mars: Seven Paradoxical Tales. Vintage Books; New York, NY, USA: 1996.
  135. de la Cruz M, Hui D, Parsons HA, Bruera E. Placebo and nocebo effects in randomized double-blind clinical trials of agents for the therapy for fatigue in patients with advanced cancer.. Cancer 2010 Feb 1;116(3):766-74.
    doi: 10.1002/cncr.24751pmc: PMC2815077pubmed: 19918921google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Hemati M, Khademian Z, Rivaz M, Tahmasebi S. Impact of a self management mobile application on quality of life and limb circumference in women with breast cancer related lymphedema. Sci Rep 2025 Aug 18;15(1):30172.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-15725-ypubmed: 40826265google scholar: lookup
  2. Di Blasio A, Morano T, Di Marco A, Lancia F, Ditali L, Sirtori G, Pesce M, Cugusi L, Bullo V, Marini S, Grossi S, Napolitano G. Non-commonly prescribed physical exercises, disciplines and sports in breast cancer survivors: a narrative review. Transl Breast Cancer Res 2025;6:19.
    doi: 10.21037/tbcr-24-63pubmed: 40421152google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,359 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.