Cardiopulmonary effects of dexmedetomidine and ketamine infusions with either propofol infusion or isoflurane for anesthesia in horses.
Abstract: To examine the cardiopulmonary effects of two anesthetic protocols for dorsally recumbent horses undergoing carpal arthroscopy. Methods: Prospective, randomized, crossover study. Methods: Six horses weighing 488.3 ± 29.1 kg. Methods: Horses were sedated with intravenous (IV) xylazine and pulmonary artery balloon and right atrial catheters inserted. More xylazine was administered prior to anesthetic induction with ketamine and propofol IV. Anesthesia was maintained for 60 minutes (or until surgery was complete) using either propofol IV infusion or isoflurane to effect. All horses were administered dexmedetomidine and ketamine infusions IV, and IV butorphanol. The endotracheal tube was attached to a large animal circle system and the lungs were ventilated with oxygen to maintain end-tidal CO2 40 ± 5 mmHg. Measurements of cardiac output, heart rate, pulmonary arterial and right atrial pressures, and body temperature were made under xylazine sedation. These, arterial and venous blood gas analyses were repeated 10, 30 and 60 minutes after induction. Systemic arterial blood pressures, expired and inspired gas concentrations were measured at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes after induction. Horses were recovered from anesthesia with IV romifidine. Times to extubation, sternal recumbency and standing were recorded. Data were analyzed using one and two-way anovas for repeated measures and paired t-tests. Significance was taken at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Pulmonary arterial and right atrial pressures, and body temperature decreased from pre-induction values in both groups. PaO2 and arterial pH were lower in propofol-anesthetized horses compared to isoflurane-anesthetized horses. The lowest PaO2 values (70-80 mmHg) occurred 10 minutes after induction in two propofol-anesthetized horses. Cardiac output decreased in isoflurane-anesthetized horses 10 minutes after induction. End-tidal isoflurane concentration ranged 0.5%-1.3%. Conclusions: Both anesthetic protocols were suitable for arthroscopy. Administration of oxygen and ability to ventilate lungs is necessary for propofol-based anesthesia.
© 2014 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and the American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia.
Publication Date: 2014-07-02 PubMed ID: 24984762DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12194Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research study investigates the effect of two anesthetic methods on the cardiopulmonary function of horses undergoing carpal arthroscopy. The study finds that both methods impact body temperature, arterial and atrial pressures, with propofol-anesthetized horses showing lower levels of arterial oxygen and blood pH than their isoflurane-anesthetized counterparts.
Study Design and Methods
- The study was designed as a prospective, randomized crossover experiment involving six horses weighing an average of 488.3 ± 29.1 kg.
- The horses were sedated with intravenous (IV) xylazine, and a balloon catheter was inserted into the pulmonary artery along with a right atrial catheter.
- Anesthesia was induced with a ketamine and propofol IV infusion and maintained for 60 minutes using either a continuous propofol IV infusion or isoflurane as required.
- All horses also received IV infusions of dexmedetomidine, ketamine, and butorphanol.
- The horses’ lungs were ventilated with oxygen to maintain end-tidal CO2 at 40 ± 5 mmHg.
- The researchers tracked cardiopulmonary parameters such as heart rate, cardiac output, pulmonary arterial and right atrial pressures, and body temperature at regular intervals before and after anesthesia induction.
- The horses were then revived from the anesthesia via an IV of romifidine and the time taken for them to regain consciousness was recorded.
Results
- The results showed decreases in body temperature, and pulmonary arterial and right atrial pressures from baseline values in both propofol and isoflurane groups.
- The levels of arterial oxygen (PaO2) and blood pH were found to be lower in propofol-treated horses compared to those given isoflurane.
- The lowest observed PaO2 values (70-80 mmHg) were recorded 10 minutes post-induction in two propofol-anesthetized horses.
- A fall in the cardiac output was noted in isoflurane-anesthetized horses 10 minutes post-induction.
Conclusions
- Both the propofol and isoflurane anesthetic protocols were considered suitable for carpal arthroscopy in horses.
- However, the study highlighted the necessity for oxygen administration and the ability to ventilate the lungs when using propofol-based anesthesia.
Cite This Article
APA
Duke-Novakovski T, Palacios-Jimenez C, Wetzel T, Rymes L, Sanchez-Teran AF.
(2014).
Cardiopulmonary effects of dexmedetomidine and ketamine infusions with either propofol infusion or isoflurane for anesthesia in horses.
Vet Anaesth Analg, 42(1), 39-49.
https://doi.org/10.1111/vaa.12194 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Blood Pressure / drug effects
- Body Temperature / drug effects
- Cross-Over Studies
- Dexmedetomidine / administration & dosage
- Dexmedetomidine / pharmacology
- Female
- Heart Rate / drug effects
- Horses
- Isoflurane / administration & dosage
- Isoflurane / pharmacology
- Ketamine / administration & dosage
- Ketamine / pharmacology
- Male
- Propofol / administration & dosage
- Propofol / pharmacology
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Gozalo-Marcilla M, Ringer SK. Recovery after General Anaesthesia in Adult Horses: A Structured Summary of the Literature.. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jun 14;11(6).
- Tokushige H, Araki M, Kusano K, Arima D, Ito H, Yamazaki Y, Urayama S, Kambayashi Y, Tateno O, Ohta M. A retrospective comparison of induction with thiopental/guaifenesin and propofol/ketamine in Thoroughbred racehorses anesthetized with sevoflurane and medetomidine during arthroscopic surgery.. J Equine Sci 2019 Jul;30(2):25-31.
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