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Home / Equine Research Bank / Equine Vet J / Cardiopulmonary function and intestinal blood flow in anaest...
Equine veterinary journal2021; doi: 10.1111/evj.13513

Cardiopulmonary function and intestinal blood flow in anaesthetised, experimentally endotoxaemic horses given a constant rate infusion of dexmedetomidine.

Abstract: Endotoxaemia causes untoward inflammatory-mediated effects that might be attenuated by dexmedetomidine. Objective: To evaluate the effects of a dexmedetomidine intravenous (IV) infusion on systemic and intestinal haemodynamics and arterial blood gas values in sevoflurane-anaesthetised horses administered Escherichia coli O55:B5 lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Methods: Randomised controlled in vivo experiment. Methods: A total of 13 horses weighing 456 ± 86 kg (mean ± standard deviation) and aged 13.9 ± 9.0 years donated for euthanasia underwent ventral midline celiotomy using sevoflurane anaesthesia. Baseline physiological variables were recorded after a 90-minute equilibration period. All horses were given 0.1 mcg/kg bwt LPS IV. Horses were randomly assigned to no further treatment (group LPS; seven horses) or IV administration of dexmedetomidine (loading dose 1.75 mcg/kg bwt followed by 1.75 mcg/kg bwt/h; group LPS-Dex; six horses) with concurrent target sevoflurane dose reduction of 50%. Cardiac index (CI; thermodilution), intestinal blood flow, arterial blood parameters and plasma dexmedetomidine concentration measurements were recorded every 30 minutes until euthanasia at 390 minutes. Data were compared between and within groups to baseline using a mixed model analysis (significance P < .05). Results: In LPS-Dex horses, intestinal blood flow and CI were transiently decreased after the dexmedetomidine loading dose, but no significant differences were found compared with baseline during the infusion. Sevoflurane dose was reliably reduced by approximately 40%. Significant differences were identified in creatinine (115  umol/L LPS-Dex; 195 umol/L LPS), bicarbonate (29.7 mmol/L LPS-Dex; 23 mmol/L LPS) and base excess (2.0 mmol/L LPS-Dex; -5.3 mmol/L LPS). Dexmedetomidine plasma concentrations were highest after the loading dose and stable during infusion dosing. Conclusions: Experimental conditions are not reflective of clinical colic management. Conclusions: A dexmedetomidine infusion with sevoflurane dose reduction attenuated some deleterious changes in anaesthetised horses administered LPS without sustained negative cardiovascular effects and may be beneficial during colic surgery.
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Publication Date: 2021-09-15 PubMed ID: 34528277DOI: 10.1111/evj.13513Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates the effects of dexmedetomidine, anesthesic drug, on horses with induced endotoxaemia, specifically looking at its impact on systemic and intestinal blood flow, and arterial blood gas values under the influence of an another anesthetic drug sevoflurane.

Research Methodology

  • For the study, 13 adult horses were chosen. These horses were put under anesthesia using sevoflurane and underwent a surgical procedure called ventral midline celiotomy.
  • The horses were then administered with Escherichia coli O55:B5 lipopolysaccharides (LPS) through an intravenous intake to simulate endotoxaemia – a condition where toxins released by bacteria (in this case, E.coli) causes a systemic inflammatory response in the body.
  • Following this, horses were randomly put into two groups. One group received no further treatment (group LPS; consisting of seven horses), while the other group was given an intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine with a 50% reduced dose of sevoflurane (group LPS-Dex; consisting of six horses).
  • The researchers monitored a number of physiological variables during the study, including cardiac index (a measure of heart function), intestinal blood flow, levels of various arterial blood parameters, and the concentration of dexmedetomidine in the horse’s plasma.

Results of the Study

  • The researchers found that in the horses given dexmedetomidine (group LPS-Dex), there was a temporary drop in intestinal blood flow and cardiac index post receiving the loading dose, but these measures returned to their baseline levels during the infusion.
  • The doses of sevoflurane were successfully reduced by around 40% in this group.
  • A notable finding was a significant difference in the levels of creatinine (kidney function marker), bicarbonate (acidity regulator) and base excess between the LPS-Dex group and the LPS group.
  • The levels of dexmedetomidine in the horse’s plasma was highest after the initial loading dose but remained consistent throughout the duration of the infusion.

Conclusion

  • The results imply that the administration of dexmedetomidine along with a reduced dose of sevoflurane offered some protective benefits to the horses and counteracted some impacts associated with endotoxaemia.
  • However, the researchers caution that their experimental conditions do not accurately reflect the clinical management of colic – a common condition for which horses undergo surgery and the condition where dexmedetomidine and sevoflurane would likely be used.
  • Despite these observations, the study does illustrate the potential benefits of dexmedetomidine in managing endotoxaemia in anesthetized horses which could be explored further in future studies.

Cite This Article

APA
Hector RC, Rezende ML, Nelson BB, Monnet E. (2021). Cardiopulmonary function and intestinal blood flow in anaesthetised, experimentally endotoxaemic horses given a constant rate infusion of dexmedetomidine. Equine Vet J. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13513

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English

Researcher Affiliations

Hector, Rachel C
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
Rezende, Marlis L
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
Nelson, Brad B
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
Monnet, Eric
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.

Grant Funding

  • #COLV 2018-03 / United States Department of Agriculture Animal Health and Disease

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Verhaar N, Kopp V, Pfarrer C, Neudeck S, König K, Rohn K, Kästner S. Alpha(2) Antagonist Vatinoxan Does Not Abolish the Preconditioning Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Experimental Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Equine Small Intestine.. Animals (Basel) 2023 Aug 30;13(17).
    doi: 10.3390/ani13172755pubmed: 37685019google scholar: lookup
  2. Verhaar N, Hoppe S, Grages AM, Hansen K, Neudeck S, Kästner S, Mazzuoli-Weber G. Dexmedetomidine Has Differential Effects on the Contractility of Equine Jejunal Smooth Muscle Layers In Vitro.. Animals (Basel) 2023 Mar 10;13(6).
    doi: 10.3390/ani13061021pubmed: 36978562google scholar: lookup
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