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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Vet Med Sci / Cardiovascular effects of total intravenous anesthesia using...
The Journal of veterinary medical science2014; 77(3); 281-288; doi: 10.1292/jvms.14-0370

Cardiovascular effects of total intravenous anesthesia using ketamine-medetomidine-propofol (KMP-TIVA) in horses undergoing surgery.

Abstract: Cardiovascular effects of total intravenous anesthesia using ketamine-medetomidine-propofol drug combination (KMP-TIVA) were determined in 5 Thoroughbred horses undergoing surgery. The horses were anesthetized with intravenous administration (IV) of ketamine (2.5 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.04 mg/kg) following premedication with medetomidne (5 µg/kg, IV) and artificially ventilated. Surgical anesthesia was maintained by controlling propofol infusion rate (initially 0.20 mg/kg/min following an IV loading dose of 0.5 mg/kg) and constant rate infusions of ketamine (1 mg/kg/hr) and medetomidine (1.25 µg/kg/hr). The horses were anesthetized for 175 ± 14 min (range from 160 to 197 min). Propofol infusion rates ranged from 0.13 to 0.17 mg/kg/min, and plasma concentration (Cpl) of propofol ranged from 11.4 to 13.3 µg/ml during surgery. Cardiovascular measurements during surgery remained within clinically acceptable ranges in the horses (heart rate: 33 to 37 beats/min, mean arterial blood pressure: 111 to 119 mmHg, cardiac index: 48 to 53 ml/kg/min, stroke volume: 650 to 800 ml/beat and systemic vascular resistance: 311 to 398 dynes/sec/cm(5)). The propofol Cpl declined rapidly after the cessation of propofol infusion and was significantly lower at 10 min (4.5 ± 1.5 µg/ml), extubation (4.0 ± 1.2 µg/ml) and standing (2.4 ± 0.9 µg/ml) compared with the Cpl at the end of propofol administration (11.4 ± 2.7 µg/ml). All the horses recovered uneventfully and stood at 74 ± 28 min after the cessation of anesthesia. KMP-TIVA provided satisfactory quality and control of anesthesia with minimum cardiovascular depression in horses undergoing surgery.
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Publication Date: 2014-11-19 PubMed ID: 25409552PubMed Central: PMC4383773DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0370Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Clinical Trial
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research examined the effects of a particular anesthesia drug combination on the cardiovascular health of Thoroughbred horses undergoing surgery. The results indicate that the drug combination allows for effective management of anesthesia with minimal impact on the cardiovascular system.

Background and Objective

  • Efficient and safe anesthesia techniques are crucial for successful surgical interventions in veterinary medicine. In this study, the researchers sought to determine the cardiovascular effects of a particular anesthetic drug cocktail administered intravenously – ketamine, medetomidine, and propofol (KMP-TIVA) – in Thoroughbred horses undergoing surgery.

Procedure

  • The experimentation involved five Thoroughbred horses, and they were anesthetized using a specified dosage of ketamine, midazolam, and medetomidine combination.
  • Following the initial sedation, the horses were artificially ventilated, and surgical anesthesia was maintained with constant rate infusions of ketamine, medetomidine, and carefully managed propofol dosages.
  • The anesthetic process’s length and propofol infusion rates were carefully monitored. Additionally, measurements were taken of plasma concentrations of propofol throughout the surgery.

Findings

  • The surgery’s cardiovascular measurements remained within clinically acceptable parameters, which suggests that the tri-drug anesthesia did not negatively impact the horses’ heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac index, stroke volume, and systemic vascular resistance.
  • The plasma concentration of propofol declined rapidly after the cessation of its infusion and was significantly lower within minutes, allowing for rapid recovery from anesthesia.
  • Post-surgery, all horses recovered without any complications and were able to stand within an average of 74 minutes after anesthesia administration ceased.

Conclusion

  • The research concluded that the Ketamine-Medetomidine-Propofol total intravenous anesthesia (KMP-TIVA) provides substantial control over the quality of anesthesia with a minimal cardiovascular depression in horses undergoing surgery.
  • This method could prove valuable in veterinary surgical procedures, ensuring minimal cardiovascular disruptions while providing satisfactory anesthesia control.

Cite This Article

APA
Umar MA, Fukui S, Kawase K, Itami T, Yamashita K. (2014). Cardiovascular effects of total intravenous anesthesia using ketamine-medetomidine-propofol (KMP-TIVA) in horses undergoing surgery. J Vet Med Sci, 77(3), 281-288. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.14-0370

Publication

The Journal of veterinary medical science
ISSN: 1347-7439
NlmUniqueID: 9105360
Country: Japan
Language: English
Volume: 77
Issue: 3
Pages: 281-288

Researcher Affiliations

Umar, Mohammed Ahmed
  • Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.
Fukui, Sho
    Kawase, Kodai
      Itami, Takaharu
        Yamashita, Kazuto

          MeSH Terms

          • Anesthesia / veterinary
          • Anesthesia Recovery Period
          • Anesthetics, Dissociative / administration & dosage
          • Anesthetics, Dissociative / pharmacology
          • Animals
          • Blood Pressure / drug effects
          • Drug Therapy, Combination
          • Female
          • Heart Rate / drug effects
          • Horses
          • Hypnotics and Sedatives / administration & dosage
          • Hypnotics and Sedatives / pharmacology
          • Injections, Intravenous
          • Ketamine / administration & dosage
          • Ketamine / pharmacology
          • Male
          • Medetomidine / administration & dosage
          • Medetomidine / pharmacology
          • Propofol / administration & dosage
          • Propofol / pharmacology
          • Respiration / drug effects
          • Time Factors

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          Citations

          This article has been cited 1 times.
          1. Gozalo-Marcilla M, Ringer SK. Recovery after General Anaesthesia in Adult Horses: A Structured Summary of the Literature.. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jun 14;11(6).
            doi: 10.3390/ani11061777pubmed: 34198637google scholar: lookup
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