Analyze Diet
International journal of environmental research and public health2019; 16(13); 2325; doi: 10.3390/ijerph16132325

Case Study: How Horses Helped a Teenager with Autism Make Friends and Learn How to Work.

Abstract: I was born in 1947 and had autism with speech delay until age four. I am now a college professor of animal science. Horse activities enabled me to make friends through a shared interest in horses. This paper describes the benefits that I experienced from working with horses and my friendships and work skills. A close friendship developed with another student through both riding and horse craft projects. Keeping employment is a serious problem for many people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The responsibility of caring for horses and cleaning stalls every day taught me good work skills. My experiences suggest that there were valuable outcomes from working with horses. This may be a beneficial intervention to include in programming for youth with ASD.
Publication Date: 2019-07-01 PubMed ID: 31266210PubMed Central: PMC6650820DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16132325Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
  • Case Reports
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article explores how interactions with horses aided a teenager diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in socializing and learning beneficial work skills. It also discusses the possible advantages of introducing horse-related activities in programs aimed at assisting youths with ASD.

Autism and its Challenges

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often makes social interactions and communication difficult.
  • It can also hinder the development of vital skills necessary to perform daily tasks or work.
  • Consequently, maintaining employment poses a significant challenge for many individuals with ASD.

Horse Activities as a Solution

  • The study recounts the experiences of a teenager with ASD who was positively influenced by horse activities.
  • The shared interest in horses helped foster friendships, providing the teenager a platform for social interaction.
  • Riding and horse craft projects stimulated camaraderie between the teenager and another student, leading to a close friendship.

Acquisition of Work Skills

  • Beyond the social benefits, caring for horses and cleaning the stalls taught the teenager a sense of responsibility and introduced him to regular work routines.
  • These experiences formed the foundation for valuable work skills, easing the teenager’s transition into the professional sphere.

A Method for Intervention Programs

  • The author suggests the potential for integrating horse activities in intervention programs for youths with ASD based on the positive outcomes from their personal experience.
  • This approach can provide a holistic platform to youths with ASD not only for social interaction but also for learning valuable life and work skills.
  • However, the article does not expand on or provide rigorous scientific data to back this suggestion, warranting further research in this field to ascertain the viability of this method.

Cite This Article

APA
Grandin T. (2019). Case Study: How Horses Helped a Teenager with Autism Make Friends and Learn How to Work. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 16(13), 2325. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132325

Publication

ISSN: 1660-4601
NlmUniqueID: 101238455
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 16
Issue: 13
PII: 2325

Researcher Affiliations

Grandin, Temple
  • Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. cheryl.miller@colostate.edu.

MeSH Terms

  • Adolescent
  • Animals
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder / psychology
  • Empathy
  • Employment
  • Female
  • Friends
  • Horses
  • Humans
  • Learning
  • Social Behavior

Conflict of Interest Statement

The author declares no conflict of interest.

References

This article includes 30 references
  1. Grandin T. Thinking in Pictures. .
  2. Grandin T. How people with Autism think. .
  3. Grandin T, Scariano M. Emergence Labelled Autism. .
  4. Cutler E. A Thorn in My Pocket. .
  5. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. American Psychiatric Association; Washington, DC, USA: 2013.
  6. Mayes SD, Calhoun SL. Non-significance of early speech delay in children with autism and normal intelligence and implications for DSM-IV Asperger's disorder.. Autism 2001 Mar;5(1):81-94.
    doi: 10.1177/1362361301005001008pubmed: 11708393google scholar: lookup
  7. Constantino JN, Todd RD. Autistic traits in the general population: a twin study.. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003 May;60(5):524-30.
    doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.5.524pubmed: 12742874google scholar: lookup
  8. Happé F. Why are savant skills and special talents associated with autism?. World Psychiatry 2018 Oct;17(3):280-281.
    doi: 10.1002/wps.20552pmc: PMC6127767pubmed: 30192091google scholar: lookup
  9. Hong E.R., Neely L., Lund E.M.. Addressing bullying of students with autism: Suggestions for parents and educators. Intervention Sch. Clin. 2015;50:157–162.
    doi: 10.1177/1053451214542047google scholar: lookup
  10. Robertson CE, Baron-Cohen S. Sensory perception in autism.. Nat Rev Neurosci 2017 Nov;18(11):671-684.
    doi: 10.1038/nrn.2017.112pubmed: 28951611google scholar: lookup
  11. Keith JM, Jamieson JP, Bennetto L. The Influence of Noise on Autonomic Arousal and Cognitive Performance in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder.. J Autism Dev Disord 2019 Jan;49(1):113-126.
    doi: 10.1007/s10803-018-3685-8pubmed: 30047097google scholar: lookup
  12. Asmika A, Oktafiani LDA, Kusworini K, Sujuti H, Andarini S. Autistic Children Are More Responsive to Tactile Sensory Stimulus.. Iran J Child Neurol 2018 Fall;12(4):37-44.
    pmc: PMC6160628pubmed: 30279707
  13. Grandin T. Livestock Handling and Transport. 4th ed. CAB International; Wallingford, UK: 2014.
  14. Grandin T. Assessment of stress during handling and transport.. J Anim Sci 1997 Jan;75(1):249-57.
    doi: 10.2527/1997.751249xpubmed: 9027573google scholar: lookup
  15. Grandin T. Objective scoring of animal handling and stunning practices at slaughter plants.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998 Jan 1;212(1):36-9.
    pubmed: 9426775
  16. Grandin T, Johnson C. Animals in Translation. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt; New York, NY, USA: 2005.
  17. Pierce K, Schreibman L. Increasing complex social behaviors in children with autism: effects of peer-implemented pivotal response training.. J Appl Behav Anal 1995 Fall;28(3):285-95.
    doi: 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-285pmc: PMC1279826pubmed: 7592145google scholar: lookup
  18. Charlop M.H., Lang R., Rispoli M. Play and Social Skills for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence Based Practices in Behavioral Health. Springer; Basel, Switzerland: 2018; Want to play? Peer mediated intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorder; pp. 107–127.
  19. Watkins L, O'Reilly M, Kuhn M, Gevarter C, Lancioni GE, Sigafoos J, Lang R. A review of peer-mediated social interaction interventions for students with autism in inclusive settings.. J Autism Dev Disord 2015 Apr;45(4):1070-83.
    doi: 10.1007/s10803-014-2264-xpubmed: 25272953google scholar: lookup
  20. Daniel L.S., Billingsley B.S.. What boys with autism spectrum disorder say about establishing and maintaining friendships. Focus Autism Other Dev. Disabil. 2010;25:220–229.
    doi: 10.1177/1088357610378290google scholar: lookup
  21. Koening K.P., Williams L.H.. Characterization and utilization of preferred special interests: A survey of adults on the autism spectrum. Occup. Ther. Mental Health. 2017;33:129–140.
  22. Gabriels RL, Pan Z, Dechant B, Agnew JA, Brim N, Mesibov G. Randomized Controlled Trial of Therapeutic Horseback Riding in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder.. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015 Jul;54(7):541-9.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2015.04.007pmc: PMC4475278pubmed: 26088658google scholar: lookup
  23. Borgi M, Loliva D, Cerino S, Chiarotti F, Venerosi A, Bramini M, Nonnis E, Marcelli M, Vinti C, De Santis C, Bisacco F, Fagerlie M, Frascarelli M, Cirulli F. Effectiveness of a Standardized Equine-Assisted Therapy Program for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.. J Autism Dev Disord 2016 Jan;46(1):1-9.
    doi: 10.1007/s10803-015-2530-6pubmed: 26210515google scholar: lookup
  24. Srinivasan SM, Cavagnino DT, Bhat AN. Effects of Equine Therapy on Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review.. Rev J Autism Dev Disord 2018 Jun;5(2):156-175.
    doi: 10.1007/s40489-018-0130-zpmc: PMC6178825pubmed: 30319932google scholar: lookup
  25. Harris A, Williams JM. The Impact of a Horse Riding Intervention on the Social Functioning of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017 Jul 14;14(7).
    doi: 10.3390/ijerph14070776pmc: PMC5551214pubmed: 28708075google scholar: lookup
  26. O'Haire M. Research on animal-assisted intervention and autism spectrum disorder, 2012-2015.. Appl Dev Sci 2017;21(3):200-216.
  27. Ward SC, Whalon K, Rusnak K, Wendell K, Paschall N. The association between therapeutic horseback riding and the social communication and sensory reactions of children with autism.. J Autism Dev Disord 2013 Sep;43(9):2190-8.
    doi: 10.1007/s10803-013-1773-3pubmed: 23371511google scholar: lookup
  28. Grandin T, Fine A.H., Bowers C.M.. Handbook on Animal Assisted Therapy. 3rd ed. Academic Press; Cambridge, MA, USA: 2010; The use of therapy animals with individuals with autism spectrum disorders; pp. 247–264.
  29. Shattuck PT, Narendorf SC, Cooper B, Sterzing PR, Wagner M, Taylor JL. Postsecondary education and employment among youth with an autism spectrum disorder.. Pediatrics 2012 Jun;129(6):1042-9.
    doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-2864pmc: PMC3362908pubmed: 22585766google scholar: lookup
  30. Wei X., Yu J.W., Wagner M., Hudson L., Roux A.M., Shattock P., Blackorby J. Job searching, job duration and job loss among young adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J. Vocat. Rehabil. 2018;48:1–10.
    doi: 10.3233/JVR-170922google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Fine AH. The Psycho-Social Impact of Human-Animal Interactions. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020 Jun 3;17(11).
    doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113964pubmed: 32503255google scholar: lookup
  2. Kilmer E, Spangler J, Kilmer J. Therapeutically applied Minecraft groups with neurodivergent youth. F1000Res 2023;12:216.