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Home / Equine Research Bank / Lett Appl Microbiol / Caution at choosing a particular colony-forming unit from fa...
Letters in applied microbiology2020; 70(3); 130-136; doi: 10.1111/lam.13252

Caution at choosing a particular colony-forming unit from faecal Escherichia coli: it may not represent the sample profile.

Abstract: Data about phylogenetic classification of Escherichia coli colonizing calves, lambs and foals are routinely neglected and restricted to outdated methodologies, even in the context of antimicrobial susceptibility (AS) testing. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the phylogenetic diversity and the AS profile of E. coli colony-forming units (CFUs) from faecal samples of healthy animals. Five CFUs of E. coli were randomly selected from each faecal culture of calves (n = 13), foals (n = 13) and lambs (n = 13), totalizing 195 CFUs phylo-typed by quadruplex PCR. The AS profile of five CFUs from 15 samples (five from each animal species; n = 75 isolates) against nine drugs was determined by agar diffusion test. We found E. coli belonging to all phylo-groups already described, except D group, with the predominance of B1 (65% CFUs; 126/195) in the three-animal species sampled. Most faecal samples of calves (77%; 10/13) and foals (69%; 9/13) harboured both pathogenic and nonpathogenic E. coli. All faecal samples showed CFUs with diverse AS profile, highlighting the ineffectiveness of tetracycline, sulphonamide and ampicillin. As a key point, our data reinforce the importance to select at least four E. coli CFUs for AS testing. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study provides relevant data about the high phylogenetic and antimicrobial susceptibility diversity observed in Escherichia coli colony-forming units (CFUs) from a bacteriological culture of faeces from healthy calves, foals and lambs. The selection pressure exerted by the herd treatment may directly impact the intestinal microflora of animals that have never been treated. Finally, we emphasize the importance of Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines and we recommended to analyse at least four E. coli CFUs to determine, in particular, the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of faecal isolates, independent of the animal's health status.
© 2019 The Society for Applied Microbiology.
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Publication Date: 2020-01-17 PubMed ID: 31758859DOI: 10.1111/lam.13252Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research article is a study about Escherichia coli’s (E. coli) genetic diversity and resistance to drugs, found in the feces of healthy calves, foals, and lambs. The results highlight that selecting only one colony-forming unit (CFU) may not accurately represent the genetic diversity or antimicrobial susceptibility of the bacteria in these animals.

Research Aims and Methodology

  • The main goal of this study was to investigate the diversity of phylogenetic groups and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Escherichia coli colony-forming units (CFUs) in faecal samples of healthy calves, foals, and lambs.
  • The researchers randomly selected five CFUs of E. coli from each faecal culture of calves, foals, and lambs, leading to a total of 195 CFUs that were analyzed via quadruplex PCR.
  • Further, they determined the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of a subset of CFUs (from 15 samples, five from each animal species; total of 75 isolates) against nine antimicrobial drugs via the agar diffusion test.

Findings

  • The scientists discovered the presence of E. coli belonging to multiple phylo-groups in the faecal samples, except for group D. Phylo-group B1 was found to be the most predominant.
  • They also revealed that most faecal samples of calves and foals contained a mix of pathogenic and non-pathogenic E. coli strains.
  • All faecal samples contained colony-forming units that exhibited a diverse antimicrobial susceptibility profile, with notable resistance against tetracycline, sulphonamide, and ampicillin.

Significance and Impact

  • The study provides crucial insights about the significant genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance observed in E. coli CFUs from faecal cultures of healthy calves, foals and lambs.
  • It underscores that the selection pressure exerted by treatments at the herd level could directly influence the intestinal microflora of animals that have not been treated.
  • The study emphasizes the importance of following the guidelines of the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. The team recommends analyzing at least four E. coli CFUs to accurately determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of faecal isolates, irrespective of the animal’s health status.

Cite This Article

APA
Maciel JF, Gressler LT, da Silveira BP, Dotto E, Balzan C, Matter LB, Siqueira FM, de Vargas APC. (2020). Caution at choosing a particular colony-forming unit from faecal Escherichia coli: it may not represent the sample profile. Lett Appl Microbiol, 70(3), 130-136. https://doi.org/10.1111/lam.13252

Publication

Letters in applied microbiology
ISSN: 1472-765X
NlmUniqueID: 8510094
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 70
Issue: 3
Pages: 130-136

Researcher Affiliations

Maciel, J F
  • Laboratory of Bacteriology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil.
Gressler, L T
  • Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Instituto Federal Farroupilha (IFFar), Frederico Westphalen, Brazil.
da Silveira, B P
  • Laboratory of Bacteriology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil.
Dotto, E
  • Laboratory of Bacteriology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil.
Balzan, C
  • Laboratory of Bacteriology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil.
Matter, L B
  • Laboratory of Bacteriology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil.
Siqueira, F M
  • Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
de Vargas, A P C
  • Laboratory of Bacteriology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Cattle
  • Cattle Diseases / drug therapy
  • Cattle Diseases / microbiology
  • Escherichia coli / classification
  • Escherichia coli / drug effects
  • Escherichia coli / genetics
  • Escherichia coli Infections / drug therapy
  • Escherichia coli Infections / veterinary
  • Feces / microbiology
  • Horses
  • Phylogeny
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
  • Sheep
  • Stem Cells

Grant Funding

  • 2734/2011 (PNPD) / Coordination of Improvement of Higher-Level Personnel (Brazil)
  • 68.902.901.582.806.000.000 / Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil)

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Mäklin T, Kallonen T, Alanko J, Samuelsen Ø, Hegstad K, Mäkinen V, Corander J, Heinz E, Honkela A. Bacterial genomic epidemiology with mixed samples.. Microb Genom 2021 Nov;7(11).
    doi: 10.1099/mgen.0.000691pubmed: 34779765google scholar: lookup
  2. Huygens J, Daeseleire E, Mahillon J, Van Elst D, Decrop J, Meirlaen J, Dewulf J, Heyndrickx M, Rasschaert G. Presence of Antibiotic Residues and Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Cattle Manure Intended for Fertilization of Agricultural Fields: A One Health Perspective.. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021 Apr 9;10(4).
    doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10040410pubmed: 33918676google scholar: lookup
  3. Brukner I, Oughton M. A Fundamental Change in Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing Would Better Prevent Therapeutic Failure: From Individual to Population-Based Analysis.. Front Microbiol 2020;11:1820.
    doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01820pubmed: 32973694google scholar: lookup
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