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Parasitology research2024; 123(10); 363; doi: 10.1007/s00436-024-08385-w

Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial genome of Cylicostephanus longibursatus.

Abstract: Cylicostephanus longibursatus is a common parasite in equine animals. Hosts infected by these nematodes might face disease or death. This study utilized next-generation sequencing technology to sequence the complete mitochondrial genome (mt genome) of C. longibursatus. Through bioinformatics techniques, the genomic base composition, codon usage, tRNA secondary structures, evolutionary relationships, and taxonomic status were analyzed. The results revealed that the mitochondrial genome of C. longibursatus is a double-stranded, 13,807-bp closed circular molecule with an AT content of 76.0%, indicating a clear preference for AT bases. The mitochondrial genome consisted of a total of 12 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 2 non-coding regions. Among the 12 protein-coding genes, TTG and ATT were the common start codons. TAA was the predominant termination codon, except for the ND3 and ND6 coding genes, and the COШ genes used TAG and "T" as termination codons, respectively. All tRNAs exhibited atypical clover-leaf secondary structures, except for tRNA and tRNA, where two tRNA genes lacked DHU arms and DHU loops, tRNA lacked the TΨC-arm, tRNA lacked the TΨC-loop, and the remaining 16 tRNAs lacked the TΨC-arm and TΨC loop, which were substituted by the "TV-replacement loop". Phylogenetic analyses, based on the 12 protein-coding genes and utilizing maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) analyses, indicated that C. longibursatus did not form a monophyletic group with other Cylicostephanus but was instead more closely related to Cyathostomum. These research findings provide fundamental data for exploring the population classification and phylogeny of strongylid nematodes.
© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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Publication Date: 2024-10-29 PubMed ID: 39467850PubMed Central: 3342519DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08385-wGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article focuses on the mitochondrial genome characterization and phylogenetic analysis of a horse parasitic nematode called Cylicostephanus longibursatus. Scientists sequenced the mitochondrial genome and performed various analysis to understand its structure, genetic makeup, evolutionary relationships, and classification.

Genomic Sequencing and Structure

  • The researchers used next-generation sequencing technology to sequence the complete mitochondrial genome of the parasite. This new method allows for faster and more accurate genetic sequencing compared to traditional methods.
  • The mitochondrial genome of C. longibursatus was found to be a closed circular molecule of 13,807 base pairs (bp). This shape is common to many mitochondrial genomes.
  • They found that the genome was double-stranded and had a high AT (adenine-thymine) content of 76.0%, implying that these bases are the genetic preference of the nematode.

Genomic Composition

  • The researchers analyzed the genomic composition, revealing the presence of 12 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 2 non-coding regions.
  • Common start codons, TTG and ATT, were found among the 12 protein-coding genes. These are specific sequences on DNA that signal the start of a gene.
  • The termination codon, which signals the end of a gene, was mostly TAA. However, for the ND3, ND6, and COШ genes, different termination codons were used.

tRNA Structures

  • All tRNA molecules showed unusual clover-leaf secondary structures.
  • Apart from two, all tRNA genes lacked DHU arms and loops, and the TΨC-arm and loop, substituted by a “TV-replacement loop”.

Phylogenetic Analysis

  • Using the 12 protein-coding genes, the researchers built a phylogenetic tree to understand the evolutionary relationships between C. longibursatus and other species.
  • They found that C. longibursatus did not form a monophyletic group with other Cylicostephanus species, but instead was more closely related to Cyathostomum, indicating a potential need for reclassification.

The research findings provide valuable insights into the genetic makeup of the parasite, which can be useful in understanding its behavior, its susceptibility to treatments, and in tracing its evolution and classification among similar parasitic nematodes.

Cite This Article

APA
Ma L, Li J, He J, Jiang T, Hao Y, Bu Y. (2024). Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial genome of Cylicostephanus longibursatus. Parasitol Res, 123(10), 363. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-024-08385-w

Publication

Parasitology research
ISSN: 1432-1955
NlmUniqueID: 8703571
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 123
Issue: 10
Pages: 363

Researcher Affiliations

Ma, Liqun
  • College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
Li, Jing
  • College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
He, Jingying
  • College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
Jiang, Tiantian
  • College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
Hao, Yan
  • Hebi Polytechnic, Hebi, China.
Bu, Yanzhen
  • College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China. buyanzhen@htu.cn.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Phylogeny
  • Genome, Mitochondrial / genetics
  • Strongyloidea / genetics
  • Strongyloidea / classification
  • RNA, Transfer / genetics
  • Horses / parasitology
  • Nucleic Acid Conformation
  • Base Composition
  • High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
  • Computational Biology
  • Sequence Analysis, DNA

Grant Funding

  • No. 31372163 / National Natural Science Foundation of China
  • Nos. 142102310121, 192102310518 / Research Grants from the Science and Technology Department of Henan Province, China

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Hao Y, Xia Y, Ma L, Hao Z, Li B, Bu Y. The mitochondrial genome characteristics of Coronocyclus coronatus (Looss, 1900) and comparative analysis with other strongylid nematodes. Parasitol Res 2026 Mar 10;125(1).
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  2. Abbas G, Nielsen MK, E-Hage C, Ghafar A, Beveridge I, Bauquier J, Beasley A, Wilkes EJA, Carrigan P, Cudmore L, Jacobson C, Hughes KJ, Jabbar A. Recent advances in intestinal helminth parasites of horses in the Asia-Pacific region: Current trends, challenges and future directions. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2025 Dec;29:100622.
    doi: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2025.100622pubmed: 41135277google scholar: lookup
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