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Journal of virology1991; 65(8); 4255-4262; doi: 10.1128/JVI.65.8.4255-4262.1991

Characterization of variable regions in the envelope and S3 open reading frame of equine infectious anemia virus.

Abstract: The polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify and clone parts of the envelope gene and overlapping S3 open reading frame, thought to encode rev, of the virulent in vivo-derived Th-1 isolate of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV). The results indicated that EIAV consists of a heterogeneous mixture of genotypes present at the first febrile cycle after initial infection. We showed that the Th-1 isolate apparently contains nondefective genotypes as well as types which have transmembrane protein truncations or are rev deficient. Furthermore, we could confirm the presence of a hypervariable region in the gp90 envelope glycoprotein. Taken together with earlier data on the heterogeneity of the regulatory motifs present in the long terminal repeat sequences of viruses from the same in vivo isolate (S. Carpenter, S. Alexandersen, M. J. Long, S. Perryman, and B. Chesebro, J. Virol. 65:1605-1610, 1991), our findings indicate that EIAV uses a complex system of diversity in biological phenotypes together with variation in regulatory and antigenic makeup to evade host response and to cause persistent infection and recurrent chronic disease.
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Publication Date: 1991-08-01 PubMed ID: 1649329PubMed Central: PMC248863DOI: 10.1128/JVI.65.8.4255-4262.1991Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article talks about the study of the composition and variety among different strains of the Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV) observed during the initial stages of infection. This diversity is believed to be used by EIAV to avoid host responses, leading to persistent infection and recurring chronic illnesses.

Exploring the EIAV Genotype Diversity

  • The research makes use of the polymerase chain reaction, a widely used method in molecular biology to amplify a single or few copies of specific DNA segments, enabling researchers to generate thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence.
  • This technique was used to amplify and clone parts of the envelope gene and overlapping S3 open reading frames of EIAV, which are believed to encode a protein called rev.
  • The research focused on a virulent in vivo-derived Th-1 isolate of EIAV. An in vivo study is one performed in a living organism, in this case, the horses infected with EIAV.
  • According to the study, EIAV consisted of a heterogeneous mixture of genotypes, meaning that there is considerable genetic diversity among samples taken at the first febrile cycle after initial infection.

Uncovering the Complexity of EIAV

  • The Th-1 isolate apparently contained nondefective genotypes, as well as types which had transmembrane protein truncations or were rev deficient. Transmembrane proteins span the entire biological membrane, and truncations in these proteins could impact their function.
  • The study also confirmed the presence of a hypervariable region in the gp90 envelope glycoprotein of the virus, suggesting further diversity in the virus’s genetic makeup.
  • The findings of the research provide evidence to the theory that EIAV uses a complex system of genetic and phenotypic diversity, together with variations in regulatory and antigenic makeup, to evade host responses, and in turn, cause persistent infection and chronic disease.

Enhancing Existing Knowledge on EIAV

  • Taken together with previous data regarding the heterogeneity of the regulatory motifs present in the long terminal repeat sequences of viruses from the same in vivo isolate, this research further supports the concept of EIAV’s sophisticated survival strategy.
  • This knowledge may prove essential in the development of strategies for tackling the spread and management of EIAV.

Cite This Article

APA
Alexandersen S, Carpenter S. (1991). Characterization of variable regions in the envelope and S3 open reading frame of equine infectious anemia virus. J Virol, 65(8), 4255-4262. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.65.8.4255-4262.1991

Publication

Journal of virology
ISSN: 0022-538X
NlmUniqueID: 0113724
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 65
Issue: 8
Pages: 4255-4262

Researcher Affiliations

Alexandersen, S
  • Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011.
Carpenter, S

    MeSH Terms

    • Amino Acid Sequence
    • Animals
    • Base Sequence
    • Cloning, Molecular
    • DNA, Viral / chemistry
    • Gene Products, env / genetics
    • Gene Products, rev / genetics
    • Genes, env
    • Genes, rev
    • Genetic Variation
    • Genotype
    • Glycoproteins / chemistry
    • Glycoproteins / genetics
    • Horses
    • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / genetics
    • Molecular Sequence Data
    • Open Reading Frames
    • Phenotype
    • Polymerase Chain Reaction
    • Proviruses / genetics
    • Viral Envelope Proteins / chemistry
    • Viral Envelope Proteins / genetics

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    This article has been cited 19 times.
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