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Annual review of animal biosciences2016; 4; 15-43; doi: 10.1146/annurev-animal-021815-111239

Chromosome Aberrations and Fertility Disorders in Domestic Animals.

Abstract: The association between chromosomal abnormalities and reduced fertility in domestic animals is well recorded and has been studied for decades. Chromosome aberrations directly affect meiosis, gametogenesis, and the viability of zygotes and embryos. In some instances, balanced structural rearrangements can be transmitted, causing fertility problems in subsequent generations. Here, we aim to give a comprehensive overview of the current status and future prospects of clinical cytogenetics of animal reproduction by focusing on the advances in molecular cytogenetics during the genomics era. We describe how advancing knowledge about animal genomes has improved our understanding of connections between gross structural or molecular chromosome variations and reproductive disorders. Further, we expand on a key area of reproduction genetics: cytogenetics of animal gametes and embryos. Finally, we describe how traditional cytogenetics is interfacing with advanced genomics approaches, such as array technologies and next-generation sequencing, and speculate about the future prospects.
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Publication Date: 2016-02-18 PubMed ID: 26884101DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-021815-111239Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • Non-P.H.S.
  • Review

Summary

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The research article presents a detailed overview of the relationship between chromosomal abnormalities and impaired fertility in domestic animals, focusing on advances in molecular cytogenetics during the era of genomics.

Introduction to Chromosomal Aberrations and Fertility Disorders

This paper starts with a discussion on the well-documented connection between chromosomal abnormalities and reduced fertility in animals. These chromosomal abnormalities are deviations in the structure or number of chromosomes, which if present, can directly affect:

  • The process of meiosis – a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in parent cells by half, producing four gamete cells. These cells further develop to form sperm or eggs.
  • Gametogenesis – the process of forming mature haploid gametes, which are cells used in reproduction.
  • The viability of zygotes and embryos – A zygote is the cell produced when two gametes are fused, while an embryo is a multi-cellular organism in its earliest stages.

In certain cases, balanced structural rearrangements may be passed on to the next generations, leading to fertility issues.

Advancements in Molecular Cytogenetics

It then explores the progress in molecular cytogenetics during the era of genomics. Molecular cytogenetics involve studies at a molecular level to understand the structure and function of chromosomes. The development in this field has greatly enhanced our understanding of:

  • The link between gross structural or molecular chromosome variations and fertility disorders.
  • The cytogenetics of animal gametes and embryos, which is a crucial aspect of reproduction genetics.

Interfacing Cytogenetics with Genomics Approaches

In the final part of this research paper, the authors discuss how traditional cytogenetics are interfacing with genomics approaches. This includes the use of advanced genomics tools such as array technologies and next-generation sequencing. Array technologies are used to produce a large quantity of genetic information which can then be used for genetic mapping, while next-generation sequencing allows for high throughput sequencing of DNA and RNA.

The paper concludes by speculating on the future prospects of the field. This provides an insight into how the development in these technologies can help further our understanding of fertility disorders caused by chromosomal aberrations.

Cite This Article

APA
Raudsepp T, Chowdhary BP. (2016). Chromosome Aberrations and Fertility Disorders in Domestic Animals. Annu Rev Anim Biosci, 4, 15-43. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-021815-111239

Publication

Annual review of animal biosciences
ISSN: 2165-8110
NlmUniqueID: 101614024
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 4
Pages: 15-43

Researcher Affiliations

Raudsepp, Terje
  • Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4458; email: traudsepp@cvm.tamu.edu.
Chowdhary, Bhanu P
  • New Research Complex, Qatar University, Al Tarfa, Doha 2713, Qatar; email: bchowdhary@qu.edu.qa.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Animals, Domestic
  • Cats
  • Cattle
  • Chromosome Aberrations / embryology
  • Chromosome Aberrations / veterinary
  • Comparative Genomic Hybridization
  • Cytogenetics
  • Dogs
  • Fertility / genetics
  • Gametogenesis / genetics
  • Genomics
  • Goats
  • High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
  • Horses
  • Infertility / genetics
  • Infertility / veterinary
  • Meiosis / genetics
  • Reproduction / genetics
  • Sequence Analysis, DNA
  • Sheep

Citations

This article has been cited 26 times.
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