Classification performance of sEMG and kinematic parameters for distinguishing between non-lame and induced lameness conditions in horses.

This research paper explores whether surface electromyography (sEMG), a method of recording muscle activity, can be used alongside kinematic parameters to clinically detect lameness in horses, comparing performance between detecting non-lame, as well as forelimb (iFL) and hindlimb (iHL) lameness. The study supports the future development of multivariate lameness-detection approaches that combine kinematics and sEMG for a more comprehensive diagnosis and treatment monitoring of equine lameness.

Understanding Surface Electromyography (sEMG)

• Surface electromyography (sEMG) is a technique used for detecting, measuring, and recording the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles. While this method has proven research applications, previous studies have yet to show whether sEMG can be used to discern lame from non-lame conditions in horses in a clinical setting.

Study Execution

• The study was conducted on clinically non-lame horses, collecting bilateral sEMG and 3D-kinematic data during trot. Lameness in forelimb and hindlimb was induced on separate days with the use of a modified horseshoe.
• sEMG signals were processed, with both absolute value (sEMGabs) and asymmetry (sEMGasym) parameters calculated. Furthermore, validated asymmetry parameters were computed from poll, withers, and pelvis vertical displacement.

Criterion for Distinguishing Between Lameness Conditions

• The effectiveness of each parameter for distinguishing between non-lame and both iFL and iHL conditions was determined using Receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) analysis. The AUC reflects the parameter’s accuracy. Here, an AUC value of 1 signifies perfect accuracy.

Findings: sEMG Versus Kinematic Parameters

• The study accrued greater AUC values for detecting hindlimb lameness over forelimb lameness, using both sEMG parameters. The absolute parameter (sEMGabs) outdid the asymmetry parameter (sEMGasym).
• Traditionally used kinematic parameters continued to demonstrate excellent discrimination abilities for both forelimb and hindlimb lameness, reflected in AUC values greater than 0.95.
• The results of this study give credence to the potential value of combining kinematic parameters with sEMG for an enhanced, wide-ranging approach to identifying and monitoring lameness in horses. By giving attention to the functional causes of lameness at a neuromuscular level, the combined approach could avail a more thorough understanding, enabling comprehensive diagnosis and treatment.