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Home / Equine Research Bank / Nat Commun / Collapse of the mammoth-steppe in central Yukon as revealed ...
Nature communications2021; 12(1); 7120; doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27439-6

Collapse of the mammoth-steppe in central Yukon as revealed by ancient environmental DNA.

Abstract: The temporal and spatial coarseness of megafaunal fossil records complicates attempts to to disentangle the relative impacts of climate change, ecosystem restructuring, and human activities associated with the Late Quaternary extinctions. Advances in the extraction and identification of ancient DNA that was shed into the environment and preserved for millennia in sediment now provides a way to augment discontinuous palaeontological assemblages. Here, we present a 30,000-year sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) record derived from loessal permafrost silts in the Klondike region of Yukon, Canada. We observe a substantial turnover in ecosystem composition between 13,500 and 10,000 calendar years ago with the rise of woody shrubs and the disappearance of the mammoth-steppe (steppe-tundra) ecosystem. We also identify a lingering signal of Equus sp. (North American horse) and Mammuthus primigenius (woolly mammoth) at multiple sites persisting thousands of years after their supposed extinction from the fossil record.
© 2021. The Author(s).
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Publication Date: 2021-12-08 PubMed ID: 34880234PubMed Central: PMC8654998DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27439-6Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper discusses the use of ancient environmental DNA (eDNA) to explore the impacts of climate change, human activities, and ecosystem changes on the extinction of mammoth-steppe in central Yukon about 30,000 years ago. The study utilizes ancient DNA that was preserved in sediment to study ecosystem changes over time.

Methodology

  • The research team extracted and examined ancient DNA preserved in permafrost silts in the Klondike region of Yukon, Canada, dating back approximately 30,000 years.
  • This DNA was derived from the environment and provides insight into the extinct forms of life that once lived there.
  • The team then examined the DNA to identify any significant changes or trends in the ecosystem.

Findings

  • The results indicated a notable shift in the ecosystem’s makeup between 13,500 and 10,000 calendar years ago.
  • This change was characterised by the emergence of woody shrubs and the disappearance of the mammoth-steppe, a prehistoric ecosystem.
  • The DNA also showed signs of the North American horse (Equus sp.) and the woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) at multiple sites.
  • Interestingly, these species were found thousands of years after they were believed to have gone extinct according to the fossil record.

Implications

  • This research shows that ancient environmental DNA can provide valuable insights into the historical shifts in ecosystems due to climate change, human activity, and other factors.
  • The use of ancient DNA expands upon the knowledge that can be gained from the fossil record alone.
  • These findings may also shed light on how ecosystems may respond to current and future climate change.

Cite This Article

APA
Murchie TJ, Monteath AJ, Mahony ME, Long GS, Cocker S, Sadoway T, Karpinski E, Zazula G, MacPhee RDE, Froese D, Poinar HN. (2021). Collapse of the mammoth-steppe in central Yukon as revealed by ancient environmental DNA. Nat Commun, 12(1), 7120. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27439-6

Publication

Nature communications
ISSN: 2041-1723
NlmUniqueID: 101528555
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Pages: 7120
PII: 7120

Researcher Affiliations

Murchie, Tyler J
  • McMaster Ancient DNA Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada. murchiet@mcmaster.ca.
  • Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada. murchiet@mcmaster.ca.
Monteath, Alistair J
  • Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
  • School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
Mahony, Matthew E
  • Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Long, George S
  • McMaster Ancient DNA Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
  • Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
Cocker, Scott
  • Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Sadoway, Tara
  • McMaster Ancient DNA Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
  • The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
Karpinski, Emil
  • McMaster Ancient DNA Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
  • Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
Zazula, Grant
  • Yukon Government, Palaeontology Program, Department of Tourism and Culture, Whitehorse, Canada.
  • Collections and Research, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada.
MacPhee, Ross D E
  • Division of Vertebrate Zoology/Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, United States.
Froese, Duane
  • Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. duane@ualberta.ca.
Poinar, Hendrik N
  • McMaster Ancient DNA Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada. poinarh@mcmaster.ca.
  • Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada. poinarh@mcmaster.ca.
  • Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada. poinarh@mcmaster.ca.
  • Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada. poinarh@mcmaster.ca.
  • CIFAR Humans and the Microbiome Program, Toronto, Canada. poinarh@mcmaster.ca.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Canada
  • Climate Change
  • DNA, Ancient
  • DNA, Environmental
  • Ecosystem
  • Equidae / genetics
  • Fossils
  • Horses / genetics
  • Human Activities
  • Mammoths / genetics
  • Metagenome
  • Plants / genetics
  • Yukon Territory

Conflict of Interest Statement

T.J.M., H.N.P., and R.D.E.M. are members of the CANA Foundation science advisory board, a non-profit organization with horse re-wilding initiatives. T.J.M. and H.N.P. are currently supported by CANA through a PDF to T.J.M. and consumable costs. The research presented in this paper was completed long prior to funding by CANA. The authors declare no other competing interests.

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Citations

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