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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / Comparative Assessment of Oxidative and Antioxidant Paramete...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2023; 13(24); 3878; doi: 10.3390/ani13243878

Comparative Assessment of Oxidative and Antioxidant Parameters in Mule and Horse Neonates during Their First Month of Extrauterine Adaptation.

Abstract: After parturition, a rapid transition occurs from the intrauterine to the extrauterine milieu, exposing neonates to physiological circumstances characterized by oxidative conditions that instigate the generation of reactive oxygen species. These free radicals play pivotal roles in physiological processes; however, an imbalance between their production and the removal of antioxidants can result in severe cellular damage. The main objective of this study was to compare the oxidative and antioxidant profiles in mule and horse neonates immediately post-parturition, as well as at subsequent time points (1, 6, 12, and 24 h, 7 and 30 days) during their extrauterine existence. The parameters assessed included the systemic concentrations of Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) and carbonyl groups; the activities of the antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx); and the levels of the total, indirect, and direct bilirubin. Our results showed no interaction effect between the neonatal groups and the assessed time points for the variables under investigation. Notably, the concentrations of TBARS, as a marker of lipid peroxidation, and bilirubin were consistently lower in the mules, whereas the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity exhibited higher levels in this group. The bilirubin levels were notably reduced in the mule neonates. The TBARS demonstrated a progressive decrease over the observation period in both groups, while the GPx activity remained relatively stable from birth to 7 days, with a substantial increase evident at the 30-day mark. Protein oxidation was not affected by the group and time, while for the SOD values, all times were statistically similar, except for the lower activity at T1h. Consequently, our findings lead us to the conclusion that neonatal mules and horses manifest distinct patterns of oxidative activity and antioxidant capacity during the initial month of their extrauterine existence, potentially indicative of different adaptation mechanisms to the extrauterine environment.
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Publication Date: 2023-12-16 PubMed ID: 38136914PubMed Central: PMC10741120DOI: 10.3390/ani13243878Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates the differences in oxidative and antioxidant activities between newborn mules and horses in the first month after birth, to understand their respective adaptation mechanisms to life outside the womb.

Understanding the Research Context

  • When a newborn animal shifts from the womb environment to life on the outside, it experiences physiological changes – its body has to function in new conditions absent in the womb. This transition exposes the newborns to oxidative conditions that produce reactive oxygen species or free radicals.
  • While these free radicals are crucial in some physiological processes, any imbalance between their production and the removal of antioxidants could cause severe damage to cells.
  • The particular study assessed the oxidative and antioxidant parameters of newborn mules and horses right after parturition, as well as at various time points in their first month outside the womb.

Methodology and Parameters Assessed

  • The researchers examined several parameters, including the systemic concentrations of Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) and carbonyl groups, which are indicators of oxidative damage in the body.
  • They also assessed the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) – antioxidants that counteract the damaging effects of free radicals.
  • The levels of total, indirect, and direct bilirubin were also investigated. Bilirubin is a substance processed by the liver and is often used as a marker for the overall functionality of the liver and red blood cells.

Key Findings

  • The study found that TBARS concentrations and bilirubin levels were consistently lower in newborn mules compared to horses, suggesting less oxidative damage and better liver and red blood cells functioning.
  • The glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was higher in mules, indicating better antioxidant activity.
  • Furthermore, in both groups, TBARS levels decreased progressively over the observation period, while the GPx activity remained relatively stable from birth to 7 days, only to significantly increase at the 30-day mark.
  • Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was similar at all times, except for a lower activity observed at one hour post-birth.

Conclusion

  • The findings suggest that newborn mules and horses show different patterns of oxidative activity and antioxidant capacity during their first month of extrauterine life.
  • This difference could indicate distinct adaptation mechanisms to the extrauterine environment between mules and horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Riccio AV, Costa BK, Alonso MA, Affonso FJ, França DS, Nichi M, Belli CB, McLean AK, Boakari YL, Fernandes CB. (2023). Comparative Assessment of Oxidative and Antioxidant Parameters in Mule and Horse Neonates during Their First Month of Extrauterine Adaptation. Animals (Basel), 13(24), 3878. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13243878

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 24
PII: 3878

Researcher Affiliations

Riccio, Amanda Vallone
  • Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil.
Costa, Barbara Kolecha
  • Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil.
Alonso, Maria Augusta
  • Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil.
Affonso, Fernanda Jordão
  • Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil.
França, Danilo Souza
  • Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil.
Nichi, Marcilio
  • Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil.
Belli, Carla Bargi
  • Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil.
McLean, Amy Katherine
  • Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Boakari, Yatta Linhares
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Fernandes, Claudia Barbosa
  • Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil.

Grant Funding

  • 2017/05425-0 and 2020/10260-3 / Su00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP-Projects
  • 001 / Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel-Brazil (CAPES)

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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