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Comparison among the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, insulin-modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test, and oral glucose tolerance test for assessment of insulin sensitivity in healthy Standardbreds.
Abstract: To compare, in horses, estimates of insulin sensitivity obtained from minimal model analysis (MMA) of a frequently sampled IV glucose tolerance test (FSIGTT) with estimates from the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) and to evaluate the validity of surrogate estimates of insulin sensitivity derived from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Methods: 18 mature Standardbreds (mean ± SD body weight, 428.9 ± 35.9 kg; mean ± SD body condition score, 4.4 ± 1.0 [on a scale of 1 to 9]). Methods: All horses underwent at least 2 of the 3 procedures (EHC [n = 15], insulin-modified FSIGTT [18], and OGTT [18]) within a 10-day time frame to evaluate insulin sensitivity. Results: Insulin sensitivity variables derived from the EHC and FSIGTT were strongly correlated (r = 0.88). When standardized to the same units of measure, these measures were still strongly correlated (r = 0.86) but were not equivalent. Area under the curve, peak insulin concentration, insulin concentration at 120 minutes, and 2 calculated indices from glucose and insulin data from the OGTT were significantly correlated with the EHC- and FSIGTT-derived estimates of insulin sensitivity. Conclusions: In healthy Standardbreds with moderate body condition score, insulin sensitivities from the EHC and FSIGTT were strongly correlated but not equivalent. Estimates derived from an OGTT also may be useful to estimate insulin sensitivity.
Publication Date: 2014-12-24 PubMed ID: 25535665DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.76.1.84Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
Summary
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The research aims to compare measurements of insulin sensitivity in Standardbred horses, using the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC), frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGTT) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). It found a strong correlation between the EHC and FSIGTT methods, while the OGTT also provided useful estimates.
Study Methodology
- The study included 18 mature Standardbred horses. Their average body weight was around 428.9 kg, with a body condition score of 4.4. The body condition score ranged from 1 to 9 with the higher number indicating greater condition or fatness.
- All the horses underwent at least 2 out of the 3 tests (EHC, insulin-modified FSIGTT, and OGTT) within a span of 10 days to measure insulin sensitivity.
Key Findings
- Insulin sensitivity measurements derived from the EHC and the FSIGTT showed a strong correlation with correlation coefficient (r) of 0.88. Even when the measurements were standardized to the same units, the correlation remained strong (r = 0.86) however, the measures from these two tests were not equivalent.
- Several factors from the OGTT, including area under the curve, peak insulin concentration, insulin concentration at 120 minutes, and two calculated indices from glucose and insulin data, were significantly correlated with insulin sensitivity estimates from EHC and FSIGTT.
- Despite their strong correlation, the insulin sensitivities derived from EHC and FSIGTT were not equivalent, suggesting possible differences in what each test measures.
Conclusion
- This study indicates that in healthy Standardbred horses with moderate body conditions, EHC and FSIGTT offer strongly correlated but not equivalent measurements of insulin sensitivity.
- The use of OGTT may also provide useful estimates, offering a more practical approach in certain circumstances. Given the significant correlation of OGTT derived estimates with those from EHC and FSIGTT, this test could offer a valuable tool for assessing insulin sensitivity in horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Pratt-Phillips SE, Geor RJ, McCutcheon LJ.
(2014).
Comparison among the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, insulin-modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test, and oral glucose tolerance test for assessment of insulin sensitivity in healthy Standardbreds.
Am J Vet Res, 76(1), 84-91.
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.76.1.84 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Animal Science, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Female
- Glucose Clamp Technique / veterinary
- Glucose Tolerance Test / veterinary
- Horses / blood
- Insulin Resistance
- Male
- Random Allocation
- Specimen Handling
Citations
This article has been cited 12 times.- Lin YK, Lin YH, Chiang CF, Yeh TM, Shih WL. Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus strain TCI904 reduces body weight gain, modulates immune response, improves metabolism and anxiety in high fat diet-induced obese mice. 3 Biotech 2022 Dec;12(12):341.
- Badran S, Doi SA, Hamdi M, Hammouda A, Alharami S, Clark J, Musa OAH, Abou-Samra AB, Habib AM. Metabolic aspects of surgical subcutaneous fat removal: An umbrella review and implications for future research. Biomol Biomed 2023 Mar 16;23(2):235-247.
- Williams NJ, Furr M, Navas de Solis C, Campolo A, Davis M, Lacombe VA. Investigating the Relationship Between Cardiac Function and Insulin Sensitivity in Horses: A Pilot Study. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:899951.
- Durham AE, Frank N, McGowan CM, Menzies-Gow NJ, Roelfsema E, Vervuert I, Feige K, Fey K. ECEIM consensus statement on equine metabolic syndrome. J Vet Intern Med 2019 Mar;33(2):335-349.
- Lindåse S, Nostell K, Söder J, Bröjer J. Relationship Between β-cell Response and Insulin Sensitivity in Horses based on the Oral Sugar Test and the Euglycemic Hyperinsulinemic Clamp. J Vet Intern Med 2017 Sep;31(5):1541-1550.
- Lindåse S, Nostell K, Bröjer J. A modified oral sugar test for evaluation of insulin and glucose dynamics in horses. Acta Vet Scand 2016 Oct 20;58(Suppl 1):64.
- Dunbar LK, Mielnicki KA, Dembek KA, Toribio RE, Burns TA. Evaluation of Four Diagnostic Tests for Insulin Dysregulation in Adult Light-Breed Horses. J Vet Intern Med 2016 May;30(3):885-91.
- Boshuizen B, De Maré L, Oosterlinck M, Van Immerseel F, Eeckhaut V, De Meeus C, Devisscher L, Vidal Moreno de Vega C, Willems M, De Oliveira JE, Hosotani G, Gansemans Y, Meese T, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Deforce D, Vanderperren K, Verdegaal EL, Delesalle C. Aleurone supplementation enhances the metabolic benefits of training in Standardbred mares: impacts on glucose-insulin dynamics and gut microbiome composition. Front Physiol 2025;16:1565005.
- Kemp KL, Yuen NKY, Skinner JE, Bertin FR. Effect of Phenylbutazone Administration on Insulin Sensitivity in Horses With Insulin Dysregulation. J Vet Intern Med 2025 Mar-Apr;39(2):e70028.
- Kemp KL, Skinner JE, Bertin FR. Effect of phenylbutazone administration on the enteroinsular axis in horses with insulin dysregulation. J Vet Intern Med 2025 Jan-Feb;39(1):e17256.
- Pratt-Phillips S. Effect of Exercise Conditioning on Countering the Effects of Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Horses-A Review. Animals (Basel) 2024 Feb 26;14(5).
- Kemp KL, Skinner JE, Bertin FR. Effect of phenylbutazone on insulin secretion in horses with insulin dysregulation. J Vet Intern Med 2024 Mar-Apr;38(2):1177-1184.
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