[Comparison between gastric ultrasonography findings and the obtained reflux amounts in warmblood horses – First results].
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the degree of correlation between ultrasonographic findings of the stomach and the obtained reflux volume in horses with secondary gastric distension. Methods: In this prospective, controlled clinical study, warmblood horses presented with secondary gastric distension at the Clinic for Horses between 2017 and 2018 were included. Gastric fluid content was assessed sonographically by evaluating the number of intercostal spaces with detectable fluid level as well as the maximum height of gastric fluid. These findings were compared to the amount of reflux obtained. Results: Eleven horses with a total of 52 examinations were included into the study. Gastric fluid levels were detectable over a median of 6 intercostal spaces (interquartil range [IQR] 3). The maximum extension recorded was over 9 intercostal spaces. Median obtained reflux amounted to 7 liters (IQR 6.5), with a maximum of 14 liters. The number of intercostal spaces with detectable fluid levels and obtained reflux volume exhibited a strong correlation with a correlation coefficient of 0.77 (p ≤ 0.001). Moderate correlation (correlation coefficient 0.59 with p ≤ 0.001) was observed between the maximum height of fluid levels and the obtained volume of reflux. Based on number of intercostal spaces with measurable gastric fluid levels estimation values for the obtainable reflux volume were established. When fluid levels are detectable over 5 or 6 intercostal spaces approximately 5.7-7.4 liters of reflux are to be expected. The maximum height of gastric fluid levels may be considered insufficient for an accurate prediction of reflux volume due to the moderate correlation of these 2 parameters. Conclusions: Due to the high correlation between number of intercostal spaces with sonographically detectable fluid levels and the obtained reflux volume, this parameter seems to be adequate to predict reflux amount. Based on this estimation, management of horses with paralytic ileus may be optimized. Unassigned: Ziel der Studie war zu klären, inwieweit ein Zusammenhang zwischen den Ultraschallbefunden am Magen und der gewonnenen Menge an Reflux bei Pferden mit sekundärer Magenüberladung besteht. Methods: In der prospektiven kontrollierten Studie wurden Warmblutpferde mit sekundärer Magenüberladung einbezogen, die in den Jahren 2017 bis 2018 in der Klinik für Pferde vorgestellt worden waren. Die gewonnene Menge an Reflux wurde sowohl der Anzahl der Interkostalräume mit sonografisch erfassbarem Flüssigkeitsspiegel als auch der maximalen Höhe des Flüssigkeitsspiegels im Magen gegenübergestellt. Unassigned: Im Untersuchungszeitraum erfolgten 52 Untersuchungen an 11 Pferden. Die Anzahl der Interkostalräume mit darstellbarem Flüssigkeitsspiegel im Magen betrug im Median 6 Interkostalräume (Interquartilsabstand, IQR 3). Die größte Ausdehnung umfasste 9 Interkostalräume. Die Menge an gewonnenem Reflux lag im Median bei 7 Litern (IQR 6,5) mit einem Höchstwert von 14 Litern. Zwischen der Anzahl der Interkostalräume mit erfassbarem Flüssigkeitsspiegel und gewonnener Refluxmenge wurde eine starke Korrelation mit einem Korrelationskoeffizienten von r = 0,77 (p ≤ 0,001) festgestellt. Bei der Korrelation zwischen maximaler Höhe des Flüssigkeitsspiegels und Refluxmenge ergab sich ein moderater Zusammenhang mit einem Korrelationskoeffizienten von r = 0,59 (p ≤ 0,001). Anhand der Zahl der Interkostalräume mit erfassbarem Flüssigkeitsspiegel konnten Vorhersagewerte für die zu erwartende Refluxmenge ermittelt werden. Bei einem darstellbaren Flüssigkeitsspiegel über 5 bzw. 6 Interkostalräume ist mit ca. 5,7 bzw. 7,4 Litern Reflux zu rechnen. Die Nutzung der Höhe des Flüssigkeitsspiegels erscheint aufgrund der moderaten Korrelation hierfür weniger geeignet. Unassigned: Aufgrund der starken Korrelation zwischen der Anzahl der Interkostalräume mit erfassbarem Flüssigkeitsspiegel und gewonnener Refluxmenge erscheint dieser Messwert zur Vorhersage des zu erwartenden Refluxes geeignet. Mithilfe dieser Vorhersage lässt sich das Management um den Patienten mit einem paralytischen Ileus optimieren.
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.
Publication Date: 2019-12-06 PubMed ID: 31810083DOI: 10.1055/a-1019-7307Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This research article investigates the correlation between the ultrasonographic findings of the stomach and the volume of reflux in horses with secondary gastric distention. The study suggests that based on the number of intercostal spaces with sonographically detectable fluid levels, an accurate prediction of the reflux volume can be made.
Research Methodology
- The study is a prospective, clinical one where warmblood horses presented with secondary gastric distension were studied between 2017 and 2018.
- The fluid content in the horses’ stomachs was assessed via ultrasound by evaluating the number of intercostal spaces (spaces between the ribs) with detected fluid level and the height of this gastric fluid.
- The findings from the ultrasound examination were compared with the measured volume of reflux the horses produced.
Findings and Result Analysis
- A total of eleven horses with 52 examinations were included in the study.
- The study found that gastric fluid levels were detected over a median of six intercostal spaces with a maximum spread over nine intercostal spaces.
- The amount of reflux produced had a median volume of seven liters, with the highest volume recorded being 14 liters.
- There was a strong correlation (correlation coefficient of 0.77, p ≤ 0.001) observed between the number of intercostal spaces with detectable fluid level and obtained reflux volume.
- A more moderate correlation (correlation coefficient of 0.59, with p ≤ 0.001) was found between the maximum height of fluid level and the reflux volume.
- The researchers also established estimation values for the possible reflux volume based on the number of intercostal spaces with measurable fluid levels. If fluid levels are detectable over 5 or 6 intercostal spaces, approximately 5.7 – 7.4 liters of reflux can be expected.
Conclusion and Implications
- The research provided evidence of a high correlation between the number of intercostal spaces with detectable fluid levels and the volume of reflux obtained.
- The number of intercostal spaces with detectable fluid levels appears to be a reliable parameter for predicting reflux volume in horses.
- However, the researchers caution that the height of gastric fluid levels might not be sufficient for accurate prediction of reflux volume due to the more moderate correlation of these two parameters.
- The ability to predict reflux volume can aid in the management of horses, especially those suffering from paralytic ileus (a condition that occurs when the intestine does not work normally, preventing food or fluids from passing through).
Cite This Article
APA
Bankert J, Winter K, Scharner D.
(2019).
[Comparison between gastric ultrasonography findings and the obtained reflux amounts in warmblood horses – First results].
Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere, 47(6), 366-371.
https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1019-7307 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Klinik für Pferde, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät der Universität Leipzig.
- Institut für Anatomie, Medizinische Fakultät der Universität Leipzig.
- Klinik für Pferde, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät der Universität Leipzig.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Female
- Gastroesophageal Reflux / metabolism
- Gastroesophageal Reflux / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / metabolism
- Horses
- Intestinal Diseases / metabolism
- Intestinal Diseases / veterinary
- Male
- Prospective Studies
- Regression Analysis
- Stomach / chemistry
- Stomach / diagnostic imaging
- Ultrasonography / veterinary
Conflict of Interest Statement
Die Autoren bestätigen, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Epstein KL, Hall MD. Effect of Nasogastric Tube Placement, Manipulation, and Fluid Administration on Transcutaneous Ultrasound Visualization and Assessment of Stomach Position in Healthy Unfed and Fed Horses. Animals (Basel) 2022 Dec 6;12(23).
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