Comparison of a modified 2-step insulin response test performed with porcine zinc insulin and an oral glucose test to detect hyperinsulinemic Icelandic horses.
Abstract: Both, oral and intravenous (IV) testing protocols, are recommended and still used to detect insulin dysregulation (ID) in equids. However, IV tests mainly focus on peripheral insulin resistance (IR), while oral tests assess hyperinsulinemia (HI), which are different aspects of ID. The objective of this study was to describe if horses with HI also demonstrate IR and consequently can be detected by a modified 2-step insulin response test (2-step IRT) performed with a veterinary approved porcine zinc insulin (PZI). Twelve Icelandic horses were subjected to an OGT and 2-step IRT in a crossover study. Serum insulin concentrations during the OGT revealed that six horses were hyperinsulinemic (HI) while six were not (NON-HI). To describe the glucose response to IV injected PZI, the decline of plasma glucose concentration within the first 30 min was analyzed. Glucose reduction was similar in horses with and without HI during the 2-step IRT over time. Additionally, none of the horses reached a glucose reduction of ≥ 50% at 30 min. The results of the present study indicated that a comparable insulin mediated glucose uptake may be observed in horses with and without HI during a modified 2-step IRT. While six out of twelve horses were identified as HI by the OGT, all twelve horses were identified as IR by the modified 2-step IRT performed with PZI underlining the importance, but difficulty in choosing the right diagnostic tool in clinical settings to assess ID.
Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2023-06-21 PubMed ID: 37348701DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2023.106012Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
Summary
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This research evaluates two different methods of detecting insulin dysregulation in Icelandic horses – the Oral Glucose Test (OGT) and the modified 2-step Insulin Response Test (2-step IRT). The main aim of the study was to investigate if horses with hyperinsulinemia can also display signs of insulin resistance and can thus be identified by the 2-step IRT using porcine zinc insulin.
Research Background and Objective
- The two common methods used to detect insulin dysregulation in horses are oral and intravenous (IV) testing protocols. The former mainly focuses on insulin resistance (IR), while the latter assesses hyperinsulinemia (HI), both representing different aspects of insulin dysregulation.
- The study aimed to identify if hyperinsulinemic horses also show signs of insulin resistance and can therefore be detected by the modified 2-step Insulin Response Test using porcine zinc insulin.
Design of the Study
- The study involved 12 Icelandic horses, who were subjected to both the OGT and the 2-step IRT, following a crossover study design.
- Horses were categorized into two groups based on their serum insulin concentrations during the OGT. Six horses that showed high insulin levels were classified as hyperinsulinemic (HI), while the rest were classified as non-hyperinsulinemic (NON-HI).
Results and Key Findings
- The glucose response to IV injected PZI was measured by analysing the decline in plasma glucose concentration within the first 30 minutes.
- Both HI and NON-HI horses showed a similar reduction in glucose level over time during the 2-step IRT. Moreover, none of the horses displayed a glucose reduction of 50% or more within the 30-minute window.
- All twelve horses, including those identified as HI by the OGT, were identified as insulin-resistant by the modified 2-step IRT performed with PZI.
Implications and Conclusions
- The study suggests that both HI and NON-HI horses may show insulin-mediated glucose uptake during the modified 2-step IRT.
- This highlights the potential difficulty in choosing the correct diagnostic tool in clinical settings to assess insulin dysregulation, emphasizing the need for careful selection and interpretation of testing methods.
Cite This Article
APA
Frers F, Delarocque J, Huber K, Feige K, Warnken T.
(2023).
Comparison of a modified 2-step insulin response test performed with porcine zinc insulin and an oral glucose test to detect hyperinsulinemic Icelandic horses.
Vet J, 298-299, 106012.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2023.106012 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 9, 30559 Hanover, Germany. Electronic address: florian.frers@tiho-hannover.de.
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 9, 30559 Hanover, Germany.
- Institute of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 35, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 9, 30559 Hanover, Germany.
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 9, 30559 Hanover, Germany.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Blood Glucose
- Cross-Over Studies
- Glucose
- Glucose Tolerance Test / veterinary
- Horse Diseases
- Horses
- Iceland
- Insulin
- Insulin Resistance
- Swine
- Swine Diseases
- Zinc
Conflict of Interest Statement
Conflict of interest statement Tobias Warnken has consulted for and received research funding from Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH and is currently an employee of the company. At the time of study execution and manuscript preparation Tobias Warnken was employed at the Clinic for Horses at the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover. None of the other authors have any financial or personal relationships that could inappropriately influence or bias the content of the paper.
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