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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2023; 13(17); doi: 10.3390/ani13172733

Comparison of Skin Prick Tests (SPT), Intradermal Tests (IDT) and In Vitro Tests in the Characterization of Insect Bite Hypersensitivity (IBH) in a Population of Lusitano Horses: Contribution for Future Implementation of SPT in IBH Diagnosis.

Abstract: Thirty controls (C) and 30 IBH-affected (T) Lusitano horses were evaluated. T horses were included based on anamnesis and physical examination, supported by questionnaires. All horses were submitted to skin tests, Intrademal (IDT) and Skin Prick Tests (SPT), on the neck with 14 specific allergens, 13 recombinant proteins (r-proteins) from Culicoides nubeculosus (Cul n) and Culicoides obsoletus (Cul o) salivary glands and Culicoides nubeculosus Whole Body Extract (Cul n WBE). Addicionally, a cluster of six T and six C horses were also tested with Cul n 3 and Cul n 4 produced in insect cells and barley, as well as E. coli produced Cul o 3 and Cul o WBE. Allergen concentrations were 10 µg/mL for IDT and 100 µg/mL for SPT, and wheal diameters assessed at 20 min, 6 and 48 h. IDTs were considered positive when wheal diameter was ≥50% of the histamine wheal and SPT's ≥ 0.9 cm. In vitro tests, allergen-specific serum IgE and sulfidoleukotriene (sLT) release assay were also carried out. Results showed that Cul n WBE, Cul n 7, 8, 9, Cul o1P and Cul o 2P were the best performing allergens for SPTs (p ≤ 0.0001) for the 1st allergen panel and Cul o WBE, Cul n 3 Bar and Cul n 4 Bac (p ≤ 0.05) for the 2nd, presenting a higher discriminatory diagnostic potential than IDTs, at a concentration of 100 µg/mL, with readings assessed at 20 min. Regarding in vitro tests overall, the sLT release assay performed best.
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Publication Date: 2023-08-28 PubMed ID: 37684997PubMed Central: PMC10486572DOI: 10.3390/ani13172733Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This scientific research explored the relative effectiveness of different diagnostic tests in identifying Insect Bite Hypersensitivity in Lusitano horses. The study contrasted the effectiveness of Skin Prick Tests (SPT), Intradermal Tests (IDT) and In Vitro Tests using a population of control and IBH-affected horses.

Objective and Methodology

  • The study’s objective was to compare the efficacy of Skin Prick Tests (SPT), Intradermal Tests (IDT), and In Vitro Tests in diagnosing insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) in a selected group of Lusitano horses.
  • The sample population consisted of 30 controls (C) and 30 IBH-affected (T) Lusitano horses. Horses affected by IBH were identified through anamnesis and a physical examination, backed by questionnaires.
  • All horses underwent skin tests with two distinct testing methods: Intradermal (IDT) and Skin Prick Tests (SPT).
  • The tests were conducted on the neck region of the horses using 14 specific allergens that included 13 recombinant proteins (r-proteins) from salivary glands of two different Culicoides species and a Whole Body Extract (WBE).
  • Additionally, a smaller group of six T and six C horses were also tested with specific antigens produced in insect cells and barley.

Research Findings

  • The allergen concentration ultimate value for both IDT and SPT was defined, and the diameter of the wheal (a swelling on the skin) was assessed at intervals of 20 minutes, 6 hours, and 48 hours following the tests.
  • The findings showed that specific allergens from the two Culicoides species generated the most satisfactory results for the Skin Prick Tests (SPTs).
  • Comparison of SPTs and IDTs revealed that SPTs exhibited higher discriminatory diagnostic potential at a concentration of 100 µg/mL, with reading assessed after precisely 20 minutes.
  • Among the in vitro tests, the sulfidoleukotriene (sLT) release assay emerged as the most efficient diagnostic procedure.

Conclusion

  • This study showed that different testing methodologies for insect bite hypersensitivity in horses have different levels of accuracy and efficiency. Recognizing the best-performing allergens in the tests, the study found that the Skin Prick Tests performed the best compared to the Intradermal Tests (IDT).
  • It also established that the sulfidoleukotriene (sLT) release assay outperforms other lab-base assays, furthering our understanding of effective diagnosis for insect bite hypersensitivity in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Pessoa VC, Branco-Ferreira M, Jónsdóttir S, Marti E, Tilley P. (2023). Comparison of Skin Prick Tests (SPT), Intradermal Tests (IDT) and In Vitro Tests in the Characterization of Insect Bite Hypersensitivity (IBH) in a Population of Lusitano Horses: Contribution for Future Implementation of SPT in IBH Diagnosis. Animals (Basel), 13(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13172733

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 17

Researcher Affiliations

Pessoa, Vera Carvalho
  • CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
  • AL4Animals-Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
Branco-Ferreira, Manuel
  • Immunoallergology University Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
Jónsdóttir, Sigridur
  • Institute for Experimental Pathology, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Keldur, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland.
Marti, Eliane
  • Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
Tilley, Paula
  • CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
  • AL4Animals-Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.

Grant Funding

  • LA/P/0059/2020 / AL4AnimalS
  • UIDB/00276/2020 / CIISA

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection analysis or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Simões J, Tilley P. Decision Making in Severe Equine Asthma-Diagnosis and Monitoring. Animals (Basel) 2023 Dec 16;13(24).
    doi: 10.3390/ani13243872pubmed: 38136909google scholar: lookup
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