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Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire1994; 58(2); 138-143;

Comparison of the effects of ketoprofen and flunixin meglumine on the in vitro response of equine peripheral blood monocytes to bacterial endotoxin.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of flunixin meglumine, a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, and ketoprofen, a reported cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitor, on the synthesis of cyclo-oxygenase end-products thromboxane B2 and prostaglandin E2, lipoxygenase derived 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, tumor necrosis factor and tissue factor. Six adult horses were each randomly administered flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg) or ketoprofen (2.2 mg/kg) intravenously every 12 hours with the drug treatments separated by two weeks. Blood samples were obtained prior to initiating treatment, the last day of treatment and for two consecutive days after the termination of treatment for measurement of serum concentrations of thromboxane B2 as well as isolation of peripheral blood monocytes. Quantitation of unstimulated, endotoxin- and calcium ionophore-induced synthesis of thromboxane B2, prostaglandin E2, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, tumor necrosis factor and tissue factor by peripheral blood monocytes was performed in vitro. Both flunixin meglumine and ketoprofen significantly decreased serum concentrations of thromboxane B2 demonstrating in vivo cyclo-oxygenase inhibition. There were no significant differences between drug treatment groups in the in vitro production of thromboxane B2, prostaglandin E2, 12-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid, tumor necrosis factor or tissue factor. This study does not identify significant differences between the effects of flunixin meglumine and ketoprofen.
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Publication Date: 1994-04-01 PubMed ID: 8004539PubMed Central: PMC1263680
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  • Clinical Trial
  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates the effects of two drugs, flunixin meglumine and ketoprofen, on the immune response of horse blood cells. The study found no significant differences in the influence of both drugs on the production of different compounds involved in inflammation and blood clotting.

Study Design and Methodology

  • This study was designed to investigate the in vitro (outside the body) effects of two drugs, ketoprofen and flunixin meglumine, on equine blood cells.
  • Ketoprofen is recognized as a cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitor, while flunixin meglumine is known as a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor. Both drugs are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
  • The research involved six adult horses, which were each administered ketoprofen and flunixin meglumine separately, with each treatment separated by two weeks.
  • Blood samples were taken from the horses before treatment, on the last day of treatment, and on two consecutive days after the end of treatment. The blood samples were used for the isolation of peripheral blood monocytes (a type of immune cell) and for measuring serum thromboxane B2 levels.

Investigated Parameters

  • The research focused on the effects of the drugs on the synthesis of various immune and inflammatory factors, including thromboxane B2, prostaglandin E2, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, tumor necrosis factor, and tissue factor.
  • The synthesis of these compounds was measured in vitro under unstimulated conditions, and in response to bacterial endotoxin and calcium ionophore stimulation.

Findings and Conclusion

  • The results showed that both flunixin meglumine and ketoprofen significantly decreased serum concentrations of thromboxane B2, indicating their in vivo (within the animal’s body) cyclo-oxygenase inhibitory effect.
  • However, the study found no significant differences in the in vitro production of thromboxane B2, prostaglandin E2, 12-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid, tumor necrosis factor or tissue factor between ketoprofen and flunixin meglumine treatment groups.
  • Thus, the researchers concluded that the effects of flunixin meglumine and ketoprofen are largely similar according to the parameters investigated in this study.

Cite This Article

APA
Jackman BR, Moore JN, Barton MH, Morris DD. (1994). Comparison of the effects of ketoprofen and flunixin meglumine on the in vitro response of equine peripheral blood monocytes to bacterial endotoxin. Can J Vet Res, 58(2), 138-143.

Publication

Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire
ISSN: 0830-9000
NlmUniqueID: 8607793
Country: Canada
Language: English
Volume: 58
Issue: 2
Pages: 138-143

Researcher Affiliations

Jackman, B R
  • Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens.
Moore, J N
    Barton, M H
      Morris, D D

        MeSH Terms

        • Animals
        • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / pharmacology
        • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / therapeutic use
        • Calcimycin / pharmacology
        • Clonixin / analogs & derivatives
        • Clonixin / pharmacology
        • Clonixin / therapeutic use
        • Endotoxins / blood
        • Endotoxins / toxicity
        • Horse Diseases / blood
        • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
        • Horses
        • Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids / blood
        • Ketoprofen / pharmacology
        • Ketoprofen / therapeutic use
        • Monocytes / drug effects
        • Monocytes / metabolism
        • Thromboplastin / biosynthesis
        • Thromboxane B2 / blood
        • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / biosynthesis

        References

        This article includes 21 references
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        Citations

        This article has been cited 6 times.
        1. Urayama S, Muko R, Muranaka M, Mita H, Ohta M, Matsuda H, Tanaka A. Differential effects of flunixin meglumine and meloxicam on TNF- α production in LPS-stimulated equine neutrophils in vitro. Vet Anim Sci 2025 Dec;30:100513.
          doi: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100513pubmed: 41078983google scholar: lookup
        2. McLean AK, Falt T, Abdelfattah EM, Middlebrooks B, Gretler S, Spier S, Turoff D, Navas Gonzalez FJ, Knych HK. Transdermal Flunixin Meglumine as a Pain Relief in Donkeys: A Pharmacokinetics Pilot Study. Metabolites 2023 Jun 21;13(7).
          doi: 10.3390/metabo13070776pubmed: 37512483google scholar: lookup
        3. Lemonnier LC, Thorin C, Meurice A, Dubus A, Touzot-Jourde G, Couroucé A, Leroux AA. Comparison of Flunixin Meglumine, Meloxicam and Ketoprofen on Mild Visceral Post-Operative Pain in Horses. Animals (Basel) 2022 Feb 21;12(4).
          doi: 10.3390/ani12040526pubmed: 35203234google scholar: lookup
        4. Shaw SD, Stämpfli H. Diagnosis and Treatment of Undifferentiated and Infectious Acute Diarrhea in the Adult Horse. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2018 Apr;34(1):39-53.
          doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2017.11.002pubmed: 29426709google scholar: lookup
        5. Srinivas M, Medaiah S, Girish S, Anil M, Pai J, Walvekar A. The effect of ketoprofen in chronic periodontitis: A clinical double-blind study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2011 Jul;15(3):255-9.
          doi: 10.4103/0972-124X.85670pubmed: 22028513google scholar: lookup
        6. Marañón G, Manley W, Cayado P, García C, de la Muela MS, Vara E. Alterations in the glutathione metabolism could be implicated in the ischemia-induced small intestinal cell damage in horses. BMC Vet Res 2009 Mar 18;5:10.
          doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-5-10pubmed: 19296836google scholar: lookup
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