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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Surg / Compression generated by cortical screws in an artificial bo...
Veterinary surgery : VS2022; 51(5); 833-842; doi: 10.1111/vsu.13814

Compression generated by cortical screws in an artificial bone model of an equine medial femoral condylar cyst.

Abstract: Determine compression generated by lag and neutral screws over 12 h using two bone analogs. Methods: Experimental study. Methods: Bone analogs were made of composite synthetic bone (CSB) or three-dimensional printed polylactic acid (PLA). Analogs had a 2 mm exterior shell with a 10 mm thick internal layer of open-cell material. Methods: Bone analogs were opposed, making a 4-sided box with open ends. A central channel contained the sensor and the screws passed through it to engage both paired analogs. Four screw/analog conditions were tested: neutral and lag screw with bicortical engagement, neutral and lag screw with unicortical engagement. All screws were tightened to 2 Nm torque and compression values recorded at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 6, and 12 h (six trials per condition). Medians were compared across groups for statistical significance. Results: There was no difference in median compression between lag and neutral bicortical screws. For PLA, greater median compression was generated by neutral (median 437 N) and lag (median 379 N) bicortical screws compared to neutral unicortical screws (median 208 N, p < .001); lag bicortical screws generated greater median compression than lag unicortical screws (median 265 N, p = .012). For CSB, lag bicortical screws (median 293 N) generated greater median compression than neutral unicortical screws (median 228 N, p = .008). Conclusions: Lag and neutral screws generated similar compression. Bicortical screws had higher median compression than unicortical screws in bone analogs. Conclusions: Neutral screws generate compression in cancellous bone analogs that can be increased with bicortical bone engagement.
© 2022 The Authors. Veterinary Surgery published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Surgeons.
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Publication Date: 2022-04-08 PubMed ID: 35394080PubMed Central: PMC9321887DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13814Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research examines the level of compression exerted by different types of cortical screws placed into artificial bone models simulating a horse’s medial femoral condylar cyst to inform optimal surgical methods.

Objective and Methodology

  • The objective of the study was to determine the compression created by two types of screws, lag and neutral, over a period of 12 hours, in two bone analog materials – Composite Synthetic Bone (CSB) and three-dimensional Polylactic Acid (PLA).
  • Artificial bone analogs were constructed to have a 2mm exterior shell and a 10mm thick internal layer of open-cell material.
  • The constructed bone analogs were then combined to form a 4-sided open-ended box. Through the center, a channel was made to hold the sensor and allow passage of screws into both paired analogs.
  • Four conditions were tested: bicortical (engaging both cortical layers of bone) neutral screws, bicortical lag screws, unicortical (engaging one cortical layer of bone) neutral screws, and unicortical lag screws.
  • Each screw was tightened to a torque of 2 Nm, and compression values were recorded at various time intervals: 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 6 and 12 hours. This was repeated six times for each condition and the median from each group was compared to ascertain statistical significance.

Results

  • There was no significant difference in the median compression between bicortical lag and neutral screws.
  • In the PLA analogs, bicortical neutral screws (with a median 437 N compression) and lag screws (with 379 N compression) generated higher compression than unicortical neutral screws (with 208 N compression) – showing a significant difference.
  • Also in PLA, bicortical lag screws produced significantly higher median compression than unicortical lag screws.
  • In CSB analogs, bicortical lag screws generated significantly more compression than unicortical neutral screws.

Conclusions

  • The type of screw (lag or neutral) did not significantly impact the level of compression in these models.
  • Bicortical screws consistently generated higher median compression than unicortical screws in bone analogs, irrespective of the material used (PLA or CSB).
  • Neutral cortical screws were found to generate compression in the artificial cancellous bone that can be increased with bicortical engagement, proving they can play a critical role in surgeries aimed at introducing compression as a healing mechanism.

Cite This Article

APA
Moreno CR, Santschi EM, Janes J, Liu J, Kim DG, Litsky AS. (2022). Compression generated by cortical screws in an artificial bone model of an equine medial femoral condylar cyst. Vet Surg, 51(5), 833-842. https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.13814

Publication

Veterinary surgery : VS
ISSN: 1532-950X
NlmUniqueID: 8113214
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 51
Issue: 5
Pages: 833-842

Researcher Affiliations

Moreno, Caitlin R
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA.
Santschi, Elizabeth M
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA.
Janes, Jennifer
  • Equine Programs, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
Liu, Jie
  • Division of Orthodontics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Kim, Do-Gyoon
  • Division of Orthodontics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Litsky, Alan S
  • Departments of Orthopaedics and Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
  • Orthopaedic BioMaterials Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Biomechanical Phenomena
  • Bone Screws / veterinary
  • Cysts / veterinary
  • Fracture Fixation, Internal / methods
  • Fracture Fixation, Internal / veterinary
  • Horse Diseases
  • Horses / surgery
  • Polyesters

Grant Funding

  • Kansas State University

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Pérez-Nogués M, Manso-Díaz G, Spirito M, López-Sanromán J. Treatment Comparison for Medial Femoral Condyle Subchondral Cystic Lesions and Prognosis in Yearling Thoroughbred Racehorse Prospects. Animals (Basel) 2024 Apr 6;14(7).
    doi: 10.3390/ani14071122pubmed: 38612360google scholar: lookup
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