Conjugation and Characterization of Latex Particles with Toxoplasma gondii-specific Immunoglobulin Y Antibodies for Diagnostic Aim and Evaluation Efficiency in In Vitro Culture.
Abstract: Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite that causes severe health problems in the world. Toxoplasmosis, an infection caused by T. gondii, leads to high risk of mortality in patients with immunodeficiency, transplantation, and cancer. Besides that, it causes miscarriages in pregnancy, various abnormalities such as hydrocephalus in infants and congenital diseases. Because the clinical indication of the disease is not specific, it is confused with many diseases, and this leads to the necessity of directly detecting the presence of the toxoplasmosis. Therefore, various diagnostic assays are needed for the diagnosis of the disease. Amongs them, latex agglutination assay is widely used for the detection of specific antibodies or antigens in samples. Latex particles are coated with immunogenic molecules (antigens) to detect antibodies in the blood or used to identify antigens when coated with specific antibodies. In both, aggregation of latex particles results in agglutination. Monoclonal antibodies are often used in latex agglutination assay as in other diagnostic methods. However, monoclonal antibodies can be produced in low quantities at a high cost. Besides, to produce monoclonal antibodies, an experienced staff, a well-equipped cell culture laboratory, a long period of time, and a burdened budget are needed. In recent years, as an alternative to monoclonal antibodies, immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibodies, which are obtained from chicken eggs, and specifically produced against desired antigenic constructs, have become quite attractive in terms of both low cost and abundant production without requiring infrastructure. In contrast, the latex assay based on IgY antibodies for use in the diagnosis of T. gondii has not been developed. This study aimed to conjugate T. gondii-specific IgY antibodies to latex particles, characterize the particles by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and spectroscopic methods, and finally demonstrate the interaction with T.gondii parasites in culture with scanning electron microscopy analysis.
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2020-06-03 PubMed ID: 32797775DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103145Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The study looks at conjugation of Toxoplasma gondii-specific Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibodies to latex particles for the purpose of Toxoplasmosis diagnosis and evaluates the functional efficiency of this technique using various analytical methods.
Background and Aim
- Toxoplasma gondii is a harmful parasite responsible for Toxoplasmosis, a condition that may have severe health implications worldwide. The disease poses a high risk of mortality in patients with weakened immune systems, those who have had a transplant, cancer patients, causes pregnancy-related complications like miscarriages, and even congenital diseases.
- The clinical symptoms of Toxoplasmosis are not specific and thus, it is often confused with several other diseases. This makes direct detection of the parasite essential for diagnosing the disease and necessitates various diagnostic tests. Among these tests, latex agglutination assay, involving the aggregation of latex particles coated with antigenic molecules, is widely used for identifying specific antibodies or antigens in samples.
- The purpose of this study was to create T. gondii-specific Immunoglobulin Y antibodies, which are extracted from chicken eggs. These antibodies were conjugated with latex particles, characterized, and their interaction with T. gondii parasites was observed in an in-vitro setting.
The Need for an Alternative
- Monoclonal antibodies are typically used in latex agglutination assays and other diagnostic procedures, however, they present several drawbacks such as high cost, low production rate, and the requirement of skilled staff, well-equipped cell culture laboratories, extended periods of time, and a significant budget.
- In recent times, Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibodies, obtained from chicken eggs, have emerged as an attractive alternative to monoclonal antibodies as they are not only low-cost but also abundant in production without demanding extensive infrastructure.
- However, a latex assay that uses IgY antibodies specific to T. gondii for its diagnosis had not been developed thus far, which was the primary objective of this study.
Procedure and Evaluation
- The research team conjugated T. gondii-specific IgY antibodies with latex particles and characterized them using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and spectroscopic analytic methods.
- In the final step, the researchers demonstrated the interaction between these characteristic particles and T. gondii parasites in a culture, analyzed through scanning electron microscopy.
Cite This Article
APA
Cakir-Koc R, Budama-Kilinc Y, Ustun E, Babur C.
(2020).
Conjugation and Characterization of Latex Particles with Toxoplasma gondii-specific Immunoglobulin Y Antibodies for Diagnostic Aim and Evaluation Efficiency in In Vitro Culture.
J Equine Vet Sci, 92, 103145.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103145 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: rabiacakir@gmail.com.
- Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, Public Health General Directorate, Microbiology Reference Laboratory And Biological Products Presidency, National Parasitology Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Protozoan
- Immunoglobulins
- Microspheres
- Toxoplasma
- Toxoplasmosis / diagnosis
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Bentes GA, Lanzarini NM, Guimarães JR, Heinemann MB, Volotão EM, da Silva ADS, Heneine LGD, de Oliveira JM, Pinto MA. Production and Evaluation of Chicken Egg Yolk Immunoglobulin (IgY) against Human and Simian Rotaviruses. Viruses 2022 Sep 9;14(9).
- Karachaliou CE, Vassilakopoulou V, Livaniou E. IgY technology: Methods for developing and evaluating avian immunoglobulins for the in vitro detection of biomolecules. World J Methodol 2021 Sep 20;11(5):243-262.
- Capotă R, Ciaușu-Sliwa D, Bostănaru-Iliescu AC, Năstasă V, Mareș M. Latest Findings in Immunoglobulin Y Technologies and Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2025 Jul 2;26(13).
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