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National science review2019; 7(6); 952-963; doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwz213

Convergent genomic signatures of high-altitude adaptation among domestic mammals.

Abstract: Abundant and diverse domestic mammals living on the Tibetan Plateau provide useful materials for investigating adaptive evolution and genetic convergence. Here, we used 327 genomes from horses, sheep, goats, cattle, pigs and dogs living at both high and low altitudes, including 73 genomes generated for this study, to disentangle the genetic mechanisms underlying local adaptation of domestic mammals. Although molecular convergence is comparatively rare at the DNA sequence level, we found convergent signature of positive selection at the gene level, particularly the gene in these Tibetan domestic mammals. We also reported a potential function in response to hypoxia for the gene , which underwent positive selection in three of the domestic mammals. Our data provide an insight into adaptive evolution of high-altitude domestic mammals, and should facilitate the search for additional novel genes involved in the hypoxia response pathway.
© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of China Science Publishing & Media Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2019-12-19 PubMed ID: 34692117PubMed Central: PMC8288980DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwz213Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This latest research used an extensive compilation of genomic data to uncover mechanisms that have allowed various species of domestic animals to adapt to the harsh environments present at high altitudes, particularly the hypoxic conditions on the Tibetan Plateau.

Study Overview

  • The study is focused on understanding the genetic patterns that allow domestic animals, including horses, sheep, goats, cattle, pigs, and dogs, to survive in extreme high-altitude environments such as the Tibetan Plateau.
  • The researchers compiled a significant dataset, including 327 genomes from these animals living at various altitudes, and 73 entirely new genomes sequenced exclusively for this study.

Key Findings

  • One of the most significant findings from this study was the observation of convergent positive selection at the gene level, especially in the HIF-1α gene in these Tibetan domestic mammals.
  • Positive selection refers to the preferential survival and reproduction of individuals with certain genetic traits, which may give a species a significant survival advantage in certain environments.
  • The HIF-1α gene plays a key role in the body’s response to low oxygen levels or hypoxia, common in high-altitude conditions. Hence, the evidence of positive selection in this gene implied it played a critical role in the high-altitude adaptation of these animals.
  • The researchers also found evidence of positive selection in the EPAS1 gene in three of the domestic animals. This gene is also known to be involved in the hypoxia response pathway, suggesting it too may play a role in high-altitude adaptation.

Implications and Future Directions

  • The findings provide a new understanding of how adaptive evolution has occurred among high-altitude domestic mammals and how these animals have used genetic change to survive in harsh hypoxic conditions.
  • Additionally, this research can aid future genome studies by identifying specific genes, like HIF-1α and EPAS1, as key targets when studying high-altitude adaptation.

Cite This Article

APA
Wu DD, Yang CP, Wang MS, Dong KZ, Yan DW, Hao ZQ, Fan SQ, Chu SZ, Shen QS, Jiang LP, Li Y, Zeng L, Liu HQ, Xie HB, Ma YF, Kong XY, Yang SL, Dong XX, Esmailizadeh A, Irwin DM, Xiao X, Li M, Dong Y, Wang W, Shi P, Li HP, Ma YH, Gou X, Chen YB, Zhang YP. (2019). Convergent genomic signatures of high-altitude adaptation among domestic mammals. Natl Sci Rev, 7(6), 952-963. https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwz213

Publication

National science review
ISSN: 2053-714X
NlmUniqueID: 101633095
Country: China
Language: English
Volume: 7
Issue: 6
Pages: 952-963

Researcher Affiliations

Wu, Dong-Dong
  • State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
Yang, Cui-Ping
  • Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
Wang, Ming-Shan
  • State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
Dong, Kun-Zhe
  • Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
Yan, Da-Wei
  • Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
Hao, Zi-Qian
  • CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
Fan, Song-Qing
  • Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
Chu, Shu-Zhou
  • Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
Shen, Qiu-Shuo
  • Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
Jiang, Li-Ping
  • Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
Li, Yan
  • State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
Zeng, Lin
  • State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
Liu, He-Qun
  • State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
Xie, Hai-Bing
  • State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
Ma, Yun-Fei
  • State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
Kong, Xiao-Yan
  • Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
Yang, Shu-Li
  • Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
Dong, Xin-Xing
  • Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
Esmailizadeh, Ali
  • Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, PB 76169-133, Iran.
Irwin, David M
  • State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
Xiao, Xiao
  • Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
Li, Ming
  • Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
Dong, Yang
  • State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
Wang, Wen
  • State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
Shi, Peng
  • State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
Li, Hai-Peng
  • Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
Ma, Yue-Hui
  • Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
Gou, Xiao
  • Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
Chen, Yong-Bin
  • Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
Zhang, Ya-Ping
  • State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.

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