Coronary artery pressure development and wave transmission characteristics in the horse.
Abstract: Measurements of the pressure waveform development and the wave transmission characteristics in the left extramural coronary arteries of the horse have been carried out. Near the ostium the left coronary pressure waveforms are seen to be virtually identical to the corresponding aortic root waveforms; however, the present of low frequency, relatively large amplitude pressure oscillations (on the order of 5 to 10 Hz) gradually become the dominant diastolic feature as one proceeds distally from the left ostium, and these eventually completely mask the incisura. In a limited number of experiments, these oscillations have been simultaneously observed on both centerline velocity and phasic flow signals. These are felt to be primarily due to wave reflection phenomena, but may represent a combined effect of wave reflections and the natural oscillatory motion of the heart mass. Peak systolic pressures were found to remain relatively unchanged as one proceeds distally; however, the end-diastolic pressures were found to decrease steadily, thus giving rise to an increasing pulse pressure and a gradually decreasing mean pressure. Wave speeds in the coronary arteries were found to range between 4 and 11 m.s-1, and the data obtained indicate the wave speed to be highly dependent on both local intralumenal pressure and spatial location.
Publication Date: 1979-07-01 PubMed ID: 487382DOI: 10.1093/cvr/13.7.413Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- P.H.S.
Summary
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The research article analyzes how pressure develops in the coronary arteries of a horse and how these pressure waves travel. The study investigates the characteristics of these waves near the ostium (opening) of the left coronary artery and as one proceeds further away from the ostium.
Pressure Waveform near the Ostium
- The research starts by observing that at the ostium, the pressure waveforms in the left coronary artery are almost the same as those in the aortic root. The aortic root is the part of the aorta that’s attached to the heart.
Pressure Waveform away from the Ostium
- As the measurements move further away from the ostium, low frequency (5 to 10 Hz) and relatively large amplitude pressure oscillations start becoming dominant. Eventually, these oscillations completely mask the incisura, which is a notch denoting the closure of heartbeat valves.
- In some instances, the researchers found that these oscillations also appear on the signals for centerline velocity and phasic flow, which are measures of how blood flows in the arteries.
- Researchers speculate that these oscillations primarily occur because of wave reflection phenomena — the bouncing back of the pressure waves — but they haven’t ruled out that these might also come about due to a combination of wave reflections and the natural oscillatory motion of the heart.
Peak Systolic Pressures and End-Diastolic Pressures
- As measurements proceeded away from the ostium, the researchers found that peak systolic pressures, which denote the maximum pressure when the heart contracts, remained relatively unchanged.
- On the other hand, end-diastolic pressures, which indicate the pressure when the heart’s at rest, were seen to decrease steadily. Consequently, this led to an increased pulse pressure and a gradually decreasing mean pressure.
Wave Speeds in the Coronary Arteries
- Finally, the study looks at wave speeds in the coronary arteries and shows that they vary starkly between different parts of the artery, ranging from 4 to 11 m/s.
- The data suggests that the wave speed is largely dependent on local intralumenal pressure, which is the pressure within the blood vessels, and spatial location.
Cite This Article
APA
Rumberger JA, Nerem RM, Muir WW.
(1979).
Coronary artery pressure development and wave transmission characteristics in the horse.
Cardiovasc Res, 13(7), 413-419.
https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/13.7.413 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Blood Pressure
- Coronary Circulation
- Coronary Vessels / physiology
- Horses / physiology
- Rheology
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Mynard JP, Penny DJ, Smolich JJ. Major influence of a 'smoke and mirrors' effect caused by wave reflection on early diastolic coronary arterial wave intensity. J Physiol 2018 Mar 15;596(6):993-1017.
- Williams MJ, Stewart RA, Low CJ, Wilkins GT. Assessment of the mechanical properties of coronary arteries using intravascular ultrasound: an in vivo study. Int J Card Imaging 1999 Aug;15(4):287-94.
- Chamié D, Bahl R, Maia J, Echavarria-Pinto M, Gafore S, Saleh A, Cristea E, Seligman H, Joaquim RM, Feres F, Sen S, Al-Lamee R, Centemero M, Baker C, Johnson T, Shun-Shin MJ, Lansky AJ, Petraco R. Can Contrast Injections Cause or Propagate Coronary Injuries? Insights From Vessel and Guiding Catheter Hemodynamics. J Soc Cardiovasc Angiogr Interv 2024 Dec;3(12):102396.
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