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Home / Equine Research Bank / Infect Genet Evol / Current status of equine piroplasmosis in the Sudan.
Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases2013; 16; 191-199; doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.02.008

Current status of equine piroplasmosis in the Sudan.

Abstract: This is a cross-sectional molecular epidemiological study on equine piroplasmosis (EP) affecting horses and donkeys in the Sudan. The study evaluated 499 samples from geographically distinct regions in eastern, central and western parts of the country. PCR amplification of the 18S rRNA gene of both Thelieria equi and Babesia caballi was carried out. Horses from all sampled areas were found positive to T. equi DNA but no B. caballi was detected. Absence of B. caballi infection was confirmed by another PCR targeting the B. caballi 48-kDa merozoite antigen. The overall prevalence was found to be 35.95%. The highest prevalence was detected in Showak 13 (81.3%) and the lowest was in Shearia locality in South Darfur 1 (5.6%). In another experiment, capillary electrophoresis was used to detect and differentiate between T. equi and B. caballi using one set of primers designed to amplify the 18S rRNA gene in a single PCR. Capillary electrophoresis method was found to be powerful in detecting mixed infections in artificially mixed controls samples. The data obtained in this study would contribute to the development of a national control strategy of EP in the Sudan.
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2013-02-26 PubMed ID: 23485745DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.02.008Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research focuses on understanding the prevalence and geographical distribution of a disease known as equine piroplasmosis, which affects horses and donkeys, across different regions in Sudan.

Objective of the Study

  • The main goal of this molecular epidemiological study was to assess the state of equine piroplasmosis (EP)—an infectious disease affecting horses and donkeys—in Sudan. The research aimed to understand the prevalence of the disease and identify the geographic locations where it is most commonly found. Through this, the data obtained would aid in the development of a national control strategy to combat EP in Sudan.

Procedures and Results

  • The study involved PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) amplification of the 18S rRNA gene of two causative organisms of EP: Thelieria equi and Babesia caballi.
  • A total of 499 samples were assessed from distinct geographic locations including eastern, central, and western parts of Sudan.
  • The results showed every sampled area had horses positive to Thelieria equi DNA; however, Babesia caballi was not detected in any of the samples.
  • The absence of Babesia caballi infection was further validated by a second PCR test which targeted the B. caballi 48-kDa merozoite antigen.
  • The overall prevalence of the disease was found to be 35.95%. Showak 13, with 81.3% prevalence, had the highest occurrence, while the Shearia locality in South Darfur 1 reported the lowest at 5.6%.

Further Testing and Conclusion

  • In another experiment, the study employed capillary electrophoresis to detect and differentiate between the two causative organisms using one set of primers designed to amplify the 18S rRNA gene in a single PCR test.
  • Capillary electrophoresis proved effective in detecting mixed infections in artificially created control samples.
  • The data gathered from this research is crucial and expected to contribute significantly towards the establishment of a national strategy to control equine piroplasmosis in Sudan.

Cite This Article

APA
Salim B, Bakheit MA, Kamau J, Sugimoto C. (2013). Current status of equine piroplasmosis in the Sudan. Infect Genet Evol, 16, 191-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2013.02.008

Publication

Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases
ISSN: 1567-7257
NlmUniqueID: 101084138
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 16
Pages: 191-199
PII: S1567-1348(13)00056-7

Researcher Affiliations

Salim, Bashir
  • Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, 13314 Khartoum-North, Sudan. bashirsalim@gmail.com
Bakheit, Mohammed Ahmed
    Kamau, Joseph
      Sugimoto, Chihiro

        MeSH Terms

        • Animals
        • Babesia / classification
        • Babesia / genetics
        • Babesiosis / epidemiology
        • Babesiosis / parasitology
        • Babesiosis / veterinary
        • Base Sequence
        • Cross-Sectional Studies
        • Electrophoresis, Capillary
        • Equidae
        • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
        • Horse Diseases / parasitology
        • Horses
        • Molecular Epidemiology
        • Molecular Sequence Data
        • Polymerase Chain Reaction
        • Prevalence
        • Sequence Alignment
        • Sequence Analysis, DNA
        • Sudan / epidemiology
        • Theileria / classification
        • Theileria / genetics
        • Theileriasis / epidemiology
        • Theileriasis / parasitology

        Citations

        This article has been cited 15 times.
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          doi: 10.3390/pathogens10060714pubmed: 34200433google scholar: lookup
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          doi: 10.1017/S0031182020001407pubmed: 32741382google scholar: lookup
        5. Onyiche TE, Taioe MO, Ogo NI, Sivakumar T, Biu AA, Mbaya AW, Xuan X, Yokoyama N, Thekisoe O. Molecular evidence of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in equines and ticks in Nigeria: prevalence and risk factors analysis. Parasitology 2020 Sep;147(11):1238-1248.
          doi: 10.1017/S0031182020000992pubmed: 32605687google scholar: lookup
        6. Elata A, Mossaad E, Satti R, Matar N, Ohari Y, Xuan X, Inoue N, Suganuma K. Serological and molecular detection of selected hemoprotozoan parasites in donkeys in West Omdurman, Khartoum State, Sudan. J Vet Med Sci 2020 Mar 5;82(3):286-293.
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        8. Montes Cortés MG, Fernández-García JL, Habela Martínez-Estéllez MÁ. Seroprevalence of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in horses in Spain. Parasite 2017;24:14.
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        9. Ibrahim AM, Kadle AA, Nyingilili HS. Microscopic and Molecular Detection of Camel Piroplasmosis in Gadarif State, Sudan. Vet Med Int 2017;2017:9345231.
          doi: 10.1155/2017/9345231pubmed: 28293445google scholar: lookup
        10. Wang M, Guo W, Igarashi I, Xuan X, Wang X, Xiang W, Jia H. Epidemiological investigation of equine piroplasmosis in China by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. J Vet Med Sci 2014 Apr;76(4):549-52.
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        11. Salim B, Bakheit MA, Sugimoto C. Rapid detection and identification of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi by high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis. Parasitol Res 2013 Nov;112(11):3883-6.
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        12. Axt CW, Springer A, von Luckner J, Naucke TJ, Müller E, Strube C, Schäfer I. [Equine piroplasmosis: Case descriptions and overview of the epidemiological situation in Europe with focus on Germany]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2025 Feb;53(1):49-58.
          doi: 10.1055/a-2457-5516pubmed: 39631762google scholar: lookup
        13. Wu X, Xu J, Su L, Li E, Wang S, Hornok S, Liu G, Wang Y. First Molecular Evidence of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in Imported Donkeys from Kyrgyzstan. Pathogens 2024 Aug 23;13(9).
          doi: 10.3390/pathogens13090713pubmed: 39338905google scholar: lookup
        14. Axt CW, Springer A, Strube C, Jung C, Naucke TJ, Müller E, Schäfer I. Molecular and Serological Detection of Vector-Borne Pathogens Responsible for Equine Piroplasmosis in Europe between 2008 and 2021. Microorganisms 2024 Apr 17;12(4).
          doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12040816pubmed: 38674760google scholar: lookup
        15. Mohammad-Naseri A, Shokrani H, Rahmani-Shahraki A. Equine Piroplasmosis in Asymptomatic Horses of Western Iran: Comparison of Microscopic Examination and Multiplex PCR. Acta Parasitol 2024 Mar;69(1):813-818.
          doi: 10.1007/s11686-024-00804-3pubmed: 38424400google scholar: lookup
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