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Equine veterinary journal2025; doi: 10.1111/evj.70129

Descriptive epidemiology of long-term injuries in jump racing Thoroughbreds in Great Britain.

Abstract: Race-related injuries in horse racing, especially those requiring extended recovery, are a welfare concern and threaten the sport's social licence. Previous studies predominantly report on fatalities; however, serious non-fatal musculoskeletal injuries often end horses' racing careers or have a high recurrence risk. No recent studies have described or quantified long-term injuries (LTIs) in racing Thoroughbreds, which is essential to inform targeted risk prevention strategies. Objective: To describe the types, frequencies and incidences of LTIs in British jump racing. Methods: Retrospective cohort. Methods: Analyses included all starts made in British hurdle and steeplechase races between 1 May 2018 and 30 April 2024. An LTI was defined as any non-fatal musculoskeletal injury incurred during racing, following which the horse had a minimum 90-day break from racing. LTIs were described by clinical diagnosis(es), body region(s) and anatomical structure(s) affected. Incidence per 1000 starts was calculated overall, by race type and year. Stratified incidence rates were calculated for selected injury types by age, sex, season, going and faller status. Results: There were 918 LTIs recorded in 898 horses. The overall incidence of LTIs was 5.5 per 1000 jump starts (95% CI 5.2-5.9), with 5.2 per 1000 hurdle starts (95% CI 4.8-5.7) and 6.0 per 1000 steeplechase starts (95% CI 5.4-6.7). Tendon and ligament injuries (TLIs) were the most common, accounting for 72.9% of LTIs in hurdle starts and 70.6% in steeplechase starts. Firmer going, summer and falling in a race were associated with a higher LTI incidence. Conclusions: Classification of LTIs commonly relied upon presumptive diagnoses. Conclusions: The incidence of LTIs was higher in steeplechase than hurdle starts, and TLIs are an important cause of morbidity in British jump racehorses. This study provides a benchmark for ongoing LTI surveillance in jump racing, against which to monitor the effects of future interventions.
© 2025 The Author(s). Equine Veterinary Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of EVJ Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2025-11-24 PubMed ID: 41285418DOI: 10.1111/evj.70129Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Overview

  • This study analyzed long-term musculoskeletal injuries (LTIs) in British jump race Thoroughbreds, quantifying their frequency and types to inform injury prevention strategies.
  • The research found LTIs occur at a rate of about 5.5 per 1000 jump race starts, with tendon and ligament injuries being the most common.

Background and Purpose

  • Horse racing carries welfare concerns especially around race-related injuries that require long recovery periods.
  • Previous research focused mainly on fatalities, but long-term non-fatal injuries also jeopardize horse welfare and career longevity.
  • This study aimed to describe the types and frequency of long-term injuries specifically in British jump racing Thoroughbreds to better understand injury risks.
  • Long-term injury (LTI) was specifically defined as any musculoskeletal injury sustained during racing that caused a break from racing of at least 90 days.

Study Design and Methods

  • Retrospective cohort study analyzing all hurdle and steeplechase race starts in Great Britain over six racing seasons from May 2018 to April 2024.
  • Data included diagnoses, body regions, and anatomical structures affected for each LTI.
  • The incidence was calculated as the number of LTIs per 1000 race starts, overall and stratified by race type (hurdle vs steeplechase), year, age, sex, season, ground condition (“going”), and whether the horse fell during the race.

Key Findings

  • A total of 918 LTIs were identified from 898 horses over the study period.
  • The overall incidence of LTIs was 5.5 per 1000 jump race starts (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 5.2–5.9).
  • Incidence by race type showed:
    • 5.2 LTIs per 1000 hurdle starts (95% CI 4.8–5.7)
    • 6.0 LTIs per 1000 steeplechase starts (95% CI 5.4–6.7)
  • Tendon and ligament injuries (TLIs) made up the majority of LTIs:
    • 72.9% of LTIs in hurdle races
    • 70.6% of LTIs in steeplechase races
  • Factors associated with a higher incidence of LTIs included:
    • Firmer ground conditions (going)
    • Summer season
    • Falling during the race

Interpretation and Implications

  • The study reinforces the high burden of long-term tendon and ligament injuries in British jump racehorses, which affect horse welfare and racing careers.
  • Incidence rates were higher in steeplechase races compared to hurdle races, likely reflecting the greater physical demands and risks.
  • Many injury diagnoses were presumptive, reflecting the limitations of field-based diagnosis without advanced imaging or post-mortem data.
  • Findings provide valuable benchmarks for ongoing monitoring of long-term injuries in this sport.
  • Results can guide development and evaluation of targeted prevention strategies focused on modifiable risk factors such as race conditions and fall reduction.
  • Enhanced surveillance is critical to protect horse welfare and maintain the social license of jump racing by transparently addressing injury risks.

Cite This Article

APA
McDonald S, Verheyen KLP, Chang YM, Allen SE. (2025). Descriptive epidemiology of long-term injuries in jump racing Thoroughbreds in Great Britain. Equine Vet J. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.70129

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English

Researcher Affiliations

McDonald, Sophia
  • Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK.
Verheyen, Kristien L P
  • Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK.
Chang, Yu-Mei
  • Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.
Allen, Sarah E
  • Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK.

Grant Funding

  • The Racing Foundation through the Horse Welfare Board
  • The Royal Veterinary College's Mellon Fund for Equine Research

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