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Home / Equine Research Bank / Viruses / Detection of Equus Caballus Papillomavirus Type-2 in Asympto...
Viruses2022; 14(8); 1696; doi: 10.3390/v14081696

Detection of Equus Caballus Papillomavirus Type-2 in Asymptomatic Italian Horses.

Abstract: Equine Papillomavirus 2 (EcPV2) is responsible for squamous cell carcinomas (eSCCs) of external genitalia of both male and female horses. However, few studies report the EcPV2 prevalence among healthy horses. Currently, the lack of these data does not permit identifying at-risk populations and, thus, developing screening protocols aimed at the early detection of the infection, as for humans. The aim of our study was to estimate the genoprevalence of EcPV2 in clinically healthy horses in Italy and to evaluate their innate immune response. For this purpose, penile and vulvar swabs of 234 healthy horses were collected through sampling with sterile cytobrushes. Nucleic acids were isolated and EcPV2- presence (DNA) and gene expression (RNA) were checked by RT-qPCR. Our results showed EcPV2- DNA presence in 30.3% of the samples and expression in 48% of the positive samples. No statistically significant differences were found in genoprevalence in relation to sex, age, and origin, while, concerning breeds, the Thoroughbred had the highest risk of infection. Concerning specifically the mares, 40.2% of them resulted in being positive for EcPV2; our findings show a major positivity in pluriparous ( = 0.0111) and mares subjected to natural reproduction ( = 0.0037). Moreover, samples expressing showed an increased expression of ( = 0.0139) and ( = 0.0133) and a decreased expression of 0.0229) and 0.0177). This finding suggests the presence of an effective immune response, which could explain the low incidence of SCCs in positive horses, despite a high EcPV2 genoprevalence (30%).
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Publication Date: 2022-07-31 PubMed ID: 36016317PubMed Central: PMC9412442DOI: 10.3390/v14081696Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article investigates the prevalence of Equine Papillomavirus 2 (EcPV2) in healthy horses in Italy and analyzes their inherent immune response. The study highlights the need for screening protocols for early detection of the virus.

Study Objectives and Methodology

  • The primary goal of the research was to determine the prevalence of EcPV2—a type of virus which causes external genitalia cancers in horses—in symptomless horses in Italy.
  • The study further evaluated the native immune response of these horses to the virus.
  • Genital swabs were collected from 234 healthy horses using sterile cytobrushes, followed by isolation of nucleic acids.
  • The presence and expression of EcPV2 were then detected by RT-qPCR—a lab technique used to detect and amplify specific genetic sequences.

Findings

  • The study found EcPV2 DNA in 30.3% of the samples while 48% of these positive samples showed the virus’s gene expression.
  • No significant differences in the genoprevalence of the virus were found concerning the sex, age, and origin of horses.
  • The breed with the highest risk of EcPV2 infection was the Thoroughbred.
  • 40.2% of the female horses tested positive for EcPV2 with higher positivity in horses that have given birth more than once and those subjected to natural reproduction.
  • The study also found a significant immune response in samples expressing EcPV2, potentially explaining the low incidence of cancer in positive horses despite a high EcPV2 genoprevalence.

Implications

  • The study suggests a substantial presence of EcPV2 in asymptomatic horses calls for the development of screening protocols for early virus detection.
  • The significant immune response in EcPV2 positive horses may have potential implications for studying immunity and resistance to the virus.

Cite This Article

APA
Cappelli K, Ciucis CG, Mecocci S, Nervo T, Crescio MI, Pepe M, Gialletti R, Pietrucci D, Migone LF, Turco S, Mechelli L, Passamonti F, Drago C, Donato GG, Varello K, Modesto P, Chillemi G, Ghelardi A, Razzuoli E. (2022). Detection of Equus Caballus Papillomavirus Type-2 in Asymptomatic Italian Horses. Viruses, 14(8), 1696. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14081696

Publication

Viruses
ISSN: 1999-4915
NlmUniqueID: 101509722
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 8
PII: 1696

Researcher Affiliations

Cappelli, Katia
  • Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
Ciucis, Chiara Grazia De
  • Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, National Reference Center of Veterinary and comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), 16129 Genova, Italy.
Mecocci, Samanta
  • Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
Nervo, Tiziana
  • Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
Crescio, Maria Ines
  • Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, National Reference Center of Veterinary and comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), 16129 Genova, Italy.
Pepe, Marco
  • Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
Gialletti, Rodolfo
  • Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
Pietrucci, Daniele
  • Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei sistemi biologici, agroalimentari e forestali (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
Migone, Laura Federica
  • Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, National Reference Center of Veterinary and comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), 16129 Genova, Italy.
Turco, Silvia
  • Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali (DAFNE), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
Mechelli, Luca
  • Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
Passamonti, Fabrizio
  • Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
Drago, Carlo
  • Dipartimento di Statistica Economica, Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano, 00166 Roma, Italy.
Donato, Gian Guido
  • Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
Varello, Katia
  • Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, National Reference Center of Veterinary and comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), 16129 Genova, Italy.
Modesto, Paola
  • Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, National Reference Center of Veterinary and comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), 16129 Genova, Italy.
Chillemi, Giovanni
  • Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei sistemi biologici, agroalimentari e forestali (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
Ghelardi, Alessandro
  • Azienda USL Toscana Nord-Ovest UOC Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Nuovo Ospedale Apuane, 54100 Massa, Italy.
Razzuoli, Elisabetta
  • Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, National Reference Center of Veterinary and comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), 16129 Genova, Italy.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
  • DNA, Viral / analysis
  • DNA, Viral / genetics
  • Female
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horses
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Papillomaviridae
  • Papillomavirus Infections / epidemiology
  • Papillomavirus Infections / pathology
  • Papillomavirus Infections / veterinary

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Turco S, Gabbianelli F, Mavian CN, Pietrucci D, De Paolis L, Gialletti R, Mechelli L, De Ciucis CG, Cappelli K, Dell'Anno F, Mecocci S, Donato GG, Nervo T, Fruscione F, Crescio MI, Ghelardi A, Chillemi G, Razzuoli E. Genetic Characterization of a Novel Equus caballus Papillomavirus Isolated from a Thoroughbred Mare.. Viruses 2023 Feb 28;15(3).
    doi: 10.3390/v15030650pubmed: 36992359google scholar: lookup
  2. De Paolis L, De Ciucis CG, Peletto S, Cappelli K, Mecocci S, Nervo T, Guardone L, Crescio MI, Pietrucci D, Fruscione F, Gabbianelli F, Turco S, Varello K, Donato GG, Maurella C, Modesto P, Maniaci MG, Chillemi G, Ghelardi A, Razzuoli E. Equus caballus Papillomavirus Type-9 (EcPV9): First Detection in Asymptomatic Italian Horses.. Viruses 2022 Sep 15;14(9).
    doi: 10.3390/v14092050pubmed: 36146856google scholar: lookup
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