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Home / Equine Research Bank / Equine Vet J / Dexmedetomidine preconditioning reduces ischaemia-reperfusio...
Equine veterinary journal2024; 56(6); 1251-1258; doi: 10.1111/evj.14099

Dexmedetomidine preconditioning reduces ischaemia-reperfusion injury in equine model of large colon volvulus.

Abstract: Large colon volvulus is a cause of colic in horses with high morbidity and mortality when not promptly treated. More treatment options are needed to improve the outcome of these cases by protecting against the damage caused by ischaemia and reperfusion injury. Objective: To determine the effect of preconditioning with dexmedetomidine prior to induction of ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in a large colon volvulus model in the horse. Methods: Randomised blinded in vivo experiments. Methods: Horses received either a dexmedetomidine (DEX) or saline (CON) constant rate infusion (CRI) immediately following induction of anaesthesia. Venous, arterial, and transmural occlusion of a section of the large colon was performed for 3 h, after which the ligatures and clamps were removed to allow for reperfusion for 3 h. Biopsies of the large colon were taken at baseline, 1 and 3 h of ischaemia, and at 1 and 3 h of reperfusion. Results: The severity of crypt epithelial loss (DEX = 2.1 [0.8-2.8], CON = 3.1 [2.5-4], p = 0.03) and mucosal haemorrhage was decreased (DEX = 2.1 [1.3-3], CON = 3.5 [2.5-4], p = 0.03) in group DEX compared to group CON when graded on a scale of 0-4. Crypt length remained longer (DEX = 369.5 ± 91.7 μm, CON = 238.5 ± 72.6 μm, p = 0.02) and interstitium to crypt (I:C) ratio remained lower (DEX = 1.4 (1-1.7), CON = 2.6 [1.8-5.9], p = 0.03) in group DEX compared to group CON during reperfusion. Conclusions: Clinical applicability of pharmacologic preconditioning is limited. Conclusions: Preconditioning with a dexmedetomidine CRI prior to IR injury demonstrated a protective effect histologically on the large colon in the horse. Further investigation into postconditioning with dexmedetomidine is warranted as a possible intervention in colic cases suspected of being large colon volvulus.
© 2024 The Author(s). Equine Veterinary Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of EVJ Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2024-05-15 PubMed ID: 38749762DOI: 10.1111/evj.14099Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article investigates the effect of using dexmedetomidine to precondition the equine large colon prior to inducing ischaemia-reperfusion injury. The study found that dexmedetomidine has a protective effect, reducing damage caused by the injury.

Research Objective

  • The primary objective of the study was to explore the effect of dexmedetomidine preconditioning on the large colon of horses before inducing ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. The motivation for this research is the high morbidity and mortality rates associated with large colon volvulus, a frequent cause of colic in horses. Efficient treatment plans are needed to mitigate risks and improve outcomes.

Methodology

  • The study was carried out as a randomised blinded in vivo experiment. Horses were administered either a dexmedetomidine (DEX) or saline (CON) constant rate infusion (CRI) immediately after anaesthesia. For three hours, hemostasis was enforced within a section of the large colon using arterial, venous, and transmural occlusion. This ischaemia was followed by a three-hour reperfusion period in which the ligatures and clamps were removed.
  • Biopsies of the large colon were collected at baseline, and at 1 and 3 hours into both the ischaemia and reperfusion periods.

Results

  • The study results showed that preconditioning with dexmedetomidine reduced the severity of damage caused by the IR injury. Specifically, it led to a decrease in the loss of crypt epithelium and mucosal haemorrhage. Moreover, dexmedetomidine-treated horses had longer crypt lengths and a lower interstitium-to-crypt ratio during reperfusion.

Conclusions

  • Although the use of pharmacological preconditioning presents clinical limitations, the research concludes that dexmedetomidine CRI exhibited a protective effect on the large colon of the horse during induced IR injury.
  • Given these findings, the researchers recommend further investigations into postconditioning with dexmedetomidine as a possible intervention in colic cases suspected of being due to large colon volvulus.

Cite This Article

APA
Watkins A, Engiles J, Long A, Brandly J, Hopster K. (2024). Dexmedetomidine preconditioning reduces ischaemia-reperfusion injury in equine model of large colon volvulus. Equine Vet J, 56(6), 1251-1258. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14099

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 56
Issue: 6
Pages: 1251-1258

Researcher Affiliations

Watkins, Amanda
  • New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA.
Engiles, Julie
  • New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA.
Long, Alicia
  • New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA.
Brandly, Jerrianne
  • New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA.
Hopster, Klaus
  • New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Dexmedetomidine / pharmacology
  • Dexmedetomidine / administration & dosage
  • Dexmedetomidine / therapeutic use
  • Reperfusion Injury / veterinary
  • Reperfusion Injury / prevention & control
  • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
  • Horse Diseases / drug therapy
  • Horse Diseases / pathology
  • Intestinal Volvulus / veterinary
  • Intestinal Volvulus / prevention & control
  • Colonic Diseases / veterinary
  • Colonic Diseases / prevention & control
  • Male
  • Female
  • Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists / pharmacology
  • Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists / administration & dosage
  • Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists / therapeutic use
  • Ischemic Preconditioning / veterinary
  • Ischemic Preconditioning / methods
  • Colon / pathology

Grant Funding

  • Rakers-Tulleners Endowed Fund

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