Diagnostic accuracy of plain radiography to identify synovial penetration in horses with traumatic limb wounds.
Abstract: The diagnostic value of plain radiography for diagnosing synovial penetration in limb wounds near synovial structures has not been determined. Objective: To assess diagnostic accuracy of plain radiography to identify synovial penetration in horses with traumatic limb wounds. Methods: Retrospective case study. Methods: Case records of horses presented to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Ghent University (2011-2021) with limb wounds near synovial structures were categorised in groups with and without synovial penetration using results of synovial fluid analysis and surgical findings. Plain radiographic images were evaluated retrospectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for the total study sample and for the cases with and without use of a metallic probe in the wound during radiographic evaluation. Results: Based on the total sample of 141 horses with synovial penetration and 75 cases without synovial involvement, plain radiography presented a sensitivity of 61% (95% CI: 52%-69%), a specificity of 81% (95% CI: 70%-89%), a PPV of 86% (95% CI: 79%-90%) and a NPV of 53% (95% CI: 46%-58%). With the use of a metallic probe, a sensitivity of 54% (95% Cl: 39%-69%), a specificity of 88% (95% Cl: 64%-99%), a PPV of 93% (95% Cl: 78%-98%) and a NPV of 41% (95% Cl: 32%-49%) were obtained. Conclusions: Sample size did not allow comparing different synovial structures. Results can be influenced by individual case characteristics. Conclusions: If findings of a series of plain radiographs suggest synovial penetration in horses with a wound near a synovial cavity, then synovial penetration is likely, but the absence of plain radiographic findings does not rule out synovial penetration. The use of a metallic probe during radiography may be helpful. However, plain radiography should be interpreted cautiously, and clinical decision making should also include other techniques. Unassigned: O valor diagnóstico de radiografias planas para diagnosticar penetração sinovial em feridas nos membros próximas a estruturas sinoviais não é determinado. Objective: Investigar a acurácia diagnóstica de radiografias planas para identificar penetração sinovial em cavalos com feridas traumáticas nos membros. Unassigned: Estudo de casos retrospectivos. MÉTODOS: Prontuários médicos de equinos hospitalizados na Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Guent (2011–2021) com feridas nos membros próximas a estruturas sinoviais foram categorizados em grupos com e sem penetração sinovial utilizando resultados de citologia e achados cirúrgicos. Radiografias planas foram analisadas retrospectivamente. Sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo negativo (VPN) e positivo (VPP) foram calculados para todos os animais incluídos, e para os casos com e sem o uso de uma probe metálica na radiografia. Results: Baseado no número total de 141 cavalos com penetração sinovial e 75 cavalos sem envolvimento sinovial, radiografia plana apresentou uma sensibilidade de 61% (95% IC: 52%–69%), especificidade de 81% (95% IC: 70%–89%), VPP de 86% (95% IC: 79%–90%) e VPN de 53% (95% IC: 46%–58%). Com o uso da probe metálica, a sensibilidade foi de 54% (95% IC: 39%–69%), especificidade de 88% (95% IC: 64%–99%), VPP de 93% (95% IC: 78%–98%) e VPN de 41% (95% IC: 32%–49%). PRINCIPAIS LIMITAÇÕES: O pequeno número de animais não possibilitou a comparação entre diferentes tipos de estruturas sinoviais. Os resultados podem ter sido influenciados por características individuais. CONCLUSÕES: Se os achados de radiografia plana sugerem penetração sinovial em equinos com feridas no membro próximas a estruturas sinoviais, penetração sinovial é provável, mas a ausência de achados radiográficos indicativos não excluem a presença de penetração sinovial. O uso de uma probe metálica pode ser útil. Contudo, radiografias planas devem ser interpretadas cautelosamente, e a decisão clínica deve ser baseada em uma combinação com outras modalidades.
© 2024 EVJ Ltd.
Publication Date: 2024-01-10 PubMed ID: 38199977DOI: 10.1111/evj.14050Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This study investigates the effectiveness of plain radiography as a diagnostic tool for detecting synovial penetration in horses with limb wounds. Using a retrospective case study, it concludes that while plain radiography can suggest synovial penetration, the absence of findings does not necessarily rule out synovial penetration. For this reason, clinical decisions should incorporate other testing methods besides plain radiography.
Study Methodology
- The researchers conducted a retrospective case study using the case records of horses presented to Ghent University’s Faculty of Veterinary Medicine between 2011 and 2021.
- The horses had limb wounds near synovial structures and were categorised into groups with and without synovial penetration based on synovial fluid analysis and surgical findings.
- The team then retrospectively evaluated the plain radiographic images of these horses to assess the diagnostic value of plain radiography in identifying synovial penetration.
Results
- The study looked at 141 horses with synovial penetration and 75 without, concluding that plain radiography exhibited a sensitivity of 61%, a specificity of 81%, a Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of 86%, and a Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of 53%.
- When a metallic probe was used during radiographic evaluation, the sensitivity decreased to 54%, the specificity increased to 88%, the PPV rose to 93%, and the NPV dropped to 41%.
Conclusions
- The study acknowledges some limitations: the sample size was not large enough to compare different synovial structures, and individual case characteristics may have influenced the results.
- The main finding is that if plain radiographs suggest synovial penetration, synovial penetration is likely present. However, it’s important to note that the absence of radiographic findings does not necessarily mean there is no synovial penetration.
- Using a metallic probe during radiography can be helpful, but plain radiography findings should be approached with caution.
- In clinical decision making, it’s crucial to use a combination of modalities rather than relying solely on plain radiography.
Cite This Article
APA
Michotte M, Raes E, Oosterlinck M.
(2024).
Diagnostic accuracy of plain radiography to identify synovial penetration in horses with traumatic limb wounds.
Equine Vet J, 57(1), 62-68.
https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14050 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Horses / injuries
- Retrospective Studies
- Radiography / veterinary
- Synovial Membrane / diagnostic imaging
- Horse Diseases / diagnostic imaging
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Female
- Male
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Forelimb / diagnostic imaging
- Forelimb / injuries
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