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Home / Equine Research Bank / BMC Vet Res / Diagnostic innovations in Equine Parasitology: a Nanogold-EL...
BMC veterinary research2024; 20(1); 579; doi: 10.1186/s12917-024-04389-x

Diagnostic innovations in Equine Parasitology: a Nanogold-ELISA for sensitive serodiagnosis of migratory strongylus vulgaris larvae infections.

Abstract: Strongylus vulgaris, a devastating parasitic nematode in equids, causes life-threatening verminous aneurysms that are challenging to diagnose early. This study pioneered integrating nanotechnology into an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA) system to enhance the sensitivity and specificity for detecting S. vulgaris larval antigens in equine serum samples, with PCR confirmation of the species. A conventional i-ELISA and an innovative nano-based ELISA were developed using excretory-secretory antigens from adult S. vulgaris worms. The nano-ELISA incorporated gold nanoparticles (17.4-41.4 nm) conjugated with detection antibodies, enabling remarkable signal amplification. Of the 120 examined equines, 100 (83.33%) were positive for S. vulgaris infection. A conventional i-ELISA and an innovative nano-ELISA incorporating 17.4-41.4 nm gold nanoparticles were optimized using S. vulgaris excretory-secretory antigens. Both assays demonstrated high specificity, with no cross-reactivity against sera from animals infected with other helminth parasites. Remarkably, optical density (OD) readings from both i-ELISAs exhibited a positive quantitative correlation with infection intensity. The i-ELISA OD ranged from 0.45-0.74 (G3), 0.75-0.94 (G2), to 0.95-2.5 (G1). The nano-ELISA showed enhanced signal amplification, with OD ranging from 0.40-0.84 (G3), 0.85-0.99 (G2), to 1.0-3.5 (G1). This nanotechnology-amplified ELISA opens new, highly sensitive, and specific techniques for parasitic diagnosis in equine medicine. Its superior performance, facilitated by signal-amplifying gold nanoparticles, illuminates nanotechnology's potential in revolutionizing parasitological diagnostics for enhanced animal health and welfare management.
© 2024. The Author(s).
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Publication Date: 2024-12-27 PubMed ID: 39731087PubMed Central: PMC11674170DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04389-xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research article discusses the development of a new diagnostic technology that uses nanotechnology, specifically gold nanoparticles, to more accurately and sensitively detect a parasite called Strongylus vulgaris in horses.

About Strongylus vulgaris and Its Diagnoses

  • The paper begins by discussing the nematode Strongylus vulgaris which affects equids or horse-like animals. This parasite causes a serious condition known as verminous aneurysms which can be fatal to horses.
  • Due to the severity of the disease, early detection is crucial, but it has been difficult using existing diagnostic methods.

Development of New Diagnostic Technology

  • Overcoming the challenges related to diagnosing this infection, the researchers developed a nanotechnology-based diagnostic tool, a type of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), that improves sensitivity and specificity for the detection of S. vulgaris.
  • This innovative diagnostic tool integrates nanotechnology into the existing indirect ELISA (i-ELISA) system.
  • The researchers developed both a traditional i-ELISA and a nano-based ELISA using the excreta-secretory antigens, or the substances that cause an immune response, from the adult S. vulgaris worms.

Role of Gold Nanoparticles in Diagnostic Technology

  • In the nano-ELISA, gold nanoparticles (17.4-41.4 nm) were attached to the detection antibodies. This modification resulted in a significant amplification of signal detection, augmenting the system’s sensitivity and improving its detection capabilities.
  • The research showed that of the 120 equine samples tested, 100 were positive for infection – a discovery that was made more accurate by the enhanced capabilities of the nano-based ELISA.

Benefits and Potential of the Nano-ELISA

  • Both forms of ELISA demonstrated high specificity. This means that the tests could differentiate between infections caused by S. vulgaris and other hellminth parasites, which only adds to their utility.
  • Further, the nano-ELISA provided enhanced signal amplification, making it possible to detect even very low levels of infection.
  • The research suggests that this new, gold nanoparticle-enhanced nano-ELISA diagnostic method opens up new possibilities in equine medicine, promising highly sensitive and specific techniques for parasitic diagnoses.
  • The use of nanotechnology, therefore, may revolutionize parasitological diagnostics, significantly advancing the health and welfare management of animals, particularly equines.

Cite This Article

APA
Baghdadi HBA, Abdelsalam M, Attia MM. (2024). Diagnostic innovations in Equine Parasitology: a Nanogold-ELISA for sensitive serodiagnosis of migratory strongylus vulgaris larvae infections. BMC Vet Res, 20(1), 579. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04389-x

Publication

BMC veterinary research
ISSN: 1746-6148
NlmUniqueID: 101249759
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 20
Issue: 1
Pages: 579
PII: 579

Researcher Affiliations

Baghdadi, Hanadi B A
  • Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
Abdelsalam, Mohamed
  • Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
Attia, Marwa M
  • Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt. marwaattia.vetpara@yahoo.com.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / veterinary
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / methods
  • Metal Nanoparticles
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horse Diseases / parasitology
  • Horse Diseases / blood
  • Strongylus
  • Larva
  • Gold
  • Serologic Tests / veterinary
  • Serologic Tests / methods
  • Antigens, Helminth / immunology
  • Strongyle Infections, Equine / diagnosis

Conflict of Interest Statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Cairo University and performed in accordance with the “Guidelines for Experimental Animals as well as collection of samples; of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt with the code: Vet CU 25122023848. All the methods were carried out in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations of the use and handling of the animals and we take a permission from our university for sampling. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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