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Home / Equine Research Bank / Biology (Basel) / Differential Energy Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle Tissues of...
Biology2025; 14(12); 1713; doi: 10.3390/biology14121713

Differential Energy Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle Tissues of Yili Horses Based on Targeted Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Analysis.

Abstract: Skeletal muscle is the largest organ system in mammals. To investigate the differences in energy metabolism across various skeletal muscles in Yili horses, this study examined muscle fiber type distributions through immunohistochemical staining of muscles, including the splenius, triceps brachii, longissimus dorsi, and gluteus medius. The splenius and gluteus medius muscles, which exhibited the greatest differences in the proportion of slow-twitch fiber area, were selected for further comparison of differential metabolites and transcriptomic expression profiles between slow-twitch and fast-twitch fibers. A total of 27 energy metabolism-related differential metabolites, including pyruvate and lactate, were identified, along with 432 differentially expressed genes, such as PFKM and ALDOA. Additionally, 164 differentially expressed miRNAs, including miR-499 and miR-24-3p, were detected. We found highlighted differences in LDHA expression between the gluteus medius and splenius muscles, which may influence the conversion of fast and slow muscle fibers by modulating the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway. The miRNA-mRNA targeting relationships established here warrant further validation. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying energy metabolism differences in Yili horses.
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Publication Date: 2025-11-30 PubMed ID: 41463484PubMed Central: PMC12730748DOI: 10.3390/biology14121713Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Overview

  • This study investigates how energy metabolism varies among different skeletal muscle types in Yili horses by combining targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses.
  • The research identifies specific metabolic and genetic differences linked to slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscle fibers, providing insights into their distinct energy processes.

Background and Objectives

  • Skeletal muscle is the largest organ system in mammals and plays a crucial role in movement and metabolism.
  • Muscle fibers can be classified into slow-twitch (oxidative) and fast-twitch (glycolytic) types, which differ in energy metabolism.
  • The study focuses on elucidating differences in energy metabolism across various skeletal muscles in Yili horses, a breed known for its adaptability and endurance.
  • Specifically, the research aims to compare muscle fiber distributions and related metabolic and genetic expressions in different muscles.

Methodology

  • Immunohistochemical staining was used to analyze fiber type distributions in four muscles: splenius, triceps brachii, longissimus dorsi, and gluteus medius.
  • The splenius and gluteus medius muscles were chosen for more detailed study because they showed the largest differences in the proportion of slow-twitch fibers.
  • Metabolomics analysis was targeted to identify energy-related metabolites differing between these muscles, focusing on molecules involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways.
  • Transcriptomics was performed to find differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to energy metabolism and muscle fiber characteristics.
  • Additionally, differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) were identified as potential regulators of gene expression linked to muscle metabolism.

Key Findings

  • 27 differential metabolites associated with energy metabolism were identified, including important compounds like pyruvate and lactate, which are intermediates in glycolysis and anaerobic respiration.
  • 432 differentially expressed genes were found, such as PFKM (phosphofructokinase muscle type) and ALDOA (aldolase A), which are key enzymes in glycolytic pathways.
  • 164 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, including miR-499 and miR-24-3p, known to influence muscle fiber composition and metabolic regulation.
  • Notably, the gene LDHA (lactate dehydrogenase A) showed significant expression differences between gluteus medius and splenius muscles, suggesting its role in modulating the balance between fast and slow muscle fibers via glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways.

Implications

  • The contrasting expression of LDHA may affect how muscle fibers switch between phenotypes, influencing muscle endurance and energy efficiency.
  • The identified miRNA-mRNA interactions present potential regulatory mechanisms controlling muscle fiber energy metabolism, though these interactions need further experimental validation.
  • This integrated analysis enhances understanding of the molecular basis of energy metabolism differences in horse skeletal muscles, which might be applicable to improving muscle performance and health in equines.

Conclusion

  • The study provides valuable insights into the metabolic and genetic differences between muscle fiber types in Yili horses.
  • It highlights key genes and metabolites that regulate energy pathways in different muscle tissues, offering targets for future research on muscle biology and horse physiology.
  • Overall, these findings contribute to a better understanding of how muscle energy metabolism is adapted in different muscle tissues, which has implications for animal breeding, training, and health management.

Cite This Article

APA
Li X, Meng C, Xue Y, Shen Z, Ren W, Zeng Y, Meng J. (2025). Differential Energy Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle Tissues of Yili Horses Based on Targeted Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Analysis. Biology (Basel), 14(12), 1713. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14121713

Publication

Biology
ISSN: 2079-7737
NlmUniqueID: 101587988
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 12
PII: 1713

Researcher Affiliations

Li, Xueyan
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urmuqi 830052, China.
Meng, Chen
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urmuqi 830052, China.
Xue, Yuheng
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urmuqi 830052, China.
Shen, Zhehong
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urmuqi 830052, China.
Ren, Wanlu
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urmuqi 830052, China.
  • Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Horse Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Urumqi 830052, China.
  • Horse Industry Research Institute, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Zeng, Yaqi
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urmuqi 830052, China.
  • Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Horse Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Urumqi 830052, China.
  • Horse Industry Research Institute, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Meng, Jun
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urmuqi 830052, China.
  • Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Horse Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Urumqi 830052, China.
  • Horse Industry Research Institute, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.

Grant Funding

  • 2022A02013-1 / Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region's Major Science and Technology Project
  • ZYYD2023C02 / the Central Guided Local Science and Technology Development Special Funds Project
  • XJMFY202401 / partial research achievements of Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Horse Breeding and Exercise Physiology
  • XJ2024G106 / graduate Research Innovation Project in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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