Differentiation of strains of equine arteritis virus of differing virulence to horses by growth in equine endothelial cells.
Abstract: To compare growth characteristics of strains of equine arteritis virus (EAV) of differing virulence to horses in rabbit kidney (RK)-13 cells and equine endothelial cells (EECs) cultured from the pulmonary artery of a foal. Methods: 13 strains of EAV, including 11 field isolates of differing virulence to horses; the highly virulent, horse-adapted Bucyrus strain; and the modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine derived from it. Methods: The growth characteristics of the 13 strains were compared in EECs and RK-13 cells. Viral nucleoprotein expression, cytopathogenicity, and plaque size were compared to determine whether growth characteristics of the 13 strains were predictive of their virulence to horses. Results: Cytopathogenicity, viral nucleoprotein expression, and plaque size induced by all 13 viruses were similar in RK-13 cells, whereas virulent strains of EAV caused significantly larger plaques in EECs than did the avirulent strains of EAV. Paradoxically, the highly attenuated MLV vaccine and 1 field isolate of EAV caused plaques in EECs that were larger than those caused by any of the other viruses, and sequence analysis confirmed the field isolate of EAV to be indistinguishable from the MLV vaccine. Conclusions: With the notable exception of the MLV vaccine, growth of the various strains of EAV in EECs was predictive of their individual virulence to horses. Thus, EECs provide a relevant and useful model to further characterize determinants of virulence and attenuation amongst strains of EAV.
Publication Date: 2003-06-28 PubMed ID: 12828265DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.779Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- Non-P.H.S.
Summary
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The study investigates how different strains of equine arteritis virus (EAV) of varying virulence levels grow in rabbit kidney cells and horse endothelial cells, with findings suggesting that the growth of these strains in horse endothelial cells can predict their virulence to horses.
Objective of the Study
- The primary aim of this research was to compare and analyze the growth characteristics of 13 strains of equine arteritis virus (EAV). These varied from highly virulent, horse-adapted strains, the modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine derived from it, and 11 other field isolates illustrating different virulence levels.
- The growth in rabbit kidney cells, known as RK-13 cells, and equine endothelial cells (EECs) cultured from a horse’s pulmonary artery was examined for each virus strain.
Methods Used
- The research compared the growth characteristics of the 13 different EAV strains in both types of cells, the EECs and RK-13.
- Different aspects like viral nucleoprotein expression, cytopathogenicity, and plaque size were evaluated to determine how well these characteristics predicted the strains’ respective virulence to horses.
Findings of the Study
- All thirteen virus strains showed similar levels of cytopathogenicity, viral nucleoprotein expression, and plaque size in RK-13 cells, irrespective of their virulence levels. In contrast, the virulent strains of EAV resulted in significantly larger plaques in EECs as compared to the less virulent strains.
- The observations were peculiar in the case of the highly attenuated MLV vaccine and one field isolate of EAV, which caused even larger plaques in EECs compared to all other virus strains. Further sequence analysis of the field isolate from the experiment showed it to be indistinguishable from the MLV vaccine.
Conclusion
- The exception to the results was the MLV vaccine; otherwise, the growth of various EAV strains in EECs aptly predicted their individual virulence in horses. The researchers suggest that EECs can therefore be an effective model to better understand and characterize determinants of virulence and attenuation among different EAV strains.
Cite This Article
APA
Moore BD, Balasuriya UB, Nurton JP, McCollum WH, Timoney PJ, Guthrie AJ, MacLachlan NJ.
(2003).
Differentiation of strains of equine arteritis virus of differing virulence to horses by growth in equine endothelial cells.
Am J Vet Res, 64(6), 779-784.
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.779 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Bernard and Gloria Salick Equine Viral Disease Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Cell Death
- Cells, Cultured
- Endothelium / cytology
- Endothelium / virology
- Equartevirus / classification
- Equartevirus / genetics
- Equartevirus / growth & development
- Equartevirus / pathogenicity
- Horses / virology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Pulmonary Artery
- Virulence
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