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Medicine and science in sports and exercise2018; 51(1); 160-167; doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001760

Does Exercise Alter Gut Microbial Composition? A Systematic Review.

Abstract: The objective of this systematic review of literature was to evaluate and summarize published research that has investigated the association between exercise and gut microbial composition in mammals. This review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The databases searched for this review included: PubMed; PubMed Central; Medline; Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature; Web of Science; Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux Direct; Health Source: Nursing Academic Edition; Clinicaltrials.gov; International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO); and the Cochrane Library. Twenty-five articles met the inclusion criteria: 17 rodent, one canine, two equine, and five human studies. All studies in rodents and equines included control groups; whereas only one study in humans included a control group. The remaining were cross-sectional or cohort studies. All studies in rodents controlled for dietary intake and one study in humans implemented a 3-d dietary control. Eleven studies assessed voluntary exercise and 13 studies used forced exercise. Diversification within the Firmicutes phylum was consistently observed in exercise groups across studies. There were no consistent trends within Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, or Proteobacteria phyla. In general, the potential interactions between exercise and diet composition and their respective influences on the intestinal microbiome were not well characterized. Exercise was associated with changes in gut microbial composition, an increase in butyrate producing bacteria and an increase in fecal butyrate concentrations independent of diet in rodents and humans. The overall quality of evidence in the studies in humans was low and the risk of bias was unclear. Future studies with standardized reporting and rigorous dietary control in larger samples are needed to further determine the influence of exercise on gut microbial composition.
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Publication Date: 2018-08-30 PubMed ID: 30157109DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001760Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Systematic Review

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research review investigates the link between exercise and changes in gut bacteria in animals, with a special focus on studying variations within the Firmicutes phylum of microbe species in mammals. The study concluded that exercise is associated with alterations in gut microbial constitution and a rise in bacteria that produce butyrate, regardless of diet.

Research Methodology

  • The study is a systematic review and analysis of previous research conducted on the relationship between exercise and gut microbial composition in mammals.
  • This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, ensuring a systematic and standardized approach to collecting, evaluating, and interpreting research articles.
  • To gather relevant articles, multiple databases were used including PubMed, PubMed Central, Medline, the Cochrane Library, and others.
  • The inclusion criteria were met by 25 studies that varied across rodents, dogs, horses, and humans.

Type of Studies Reviewed

  • Among the selected articles, the majority were studies on rodents and horses, and a few were based on human subjects.
  • Only one human study consisted of a control group. The rest were either cross-sectional or cohort studies.
  • Various aspects of exercise were studied – while 11 studies evaluated voluntary exercise, 13 others focused on enforced physical activities.
  • All rodent studies controlled for dietary intake. In human studies, only one implemented a diet control for 3 days.

Findings of the Review

  • A common finding across the studies was a diversification within the Firmicutes phylum of microbes in respects to exercise. It was found that exercise was associated with a change in the gut microbial composition.
  • There wasn’t a noticeable trend in the Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, or Proteobacteria phyla.
  • The interactions between exercise and diet and their respective influences on the intestinal microbiome were generally not well studied.
  • In both rodents and humans, exercise was associated with an increase in the bacteria that produce butyrate and an increase in fecal butyrate concentrations, regardless of diet.

Quality of Evidence and Recommendations

  • The overall quality of evidence in the studies was low and at risk of bias, undermining the generalizability of the findings.
  • More future studies are necessitated to further explore the influence of exercise on gut microbial composition. These studies should involve standardized reporting, rigorous dietary control, and larger sample sizes to deliver better evidence and more reliable conclusions.

Cite This Article

APA
Mitchell CM, Davy BM, Hulver MW, Neilson AP, Bennett BJ, Davy KP. (2018). Does Exercise Alter Gut Microbial Composition? A Systematic Review. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 51(1), 160-167. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001760

Publication

Medicine and science in sports and exercise
ISSN: 1530-0315
NlmUniqueID: 8005433
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 51
Issue: 1
Pages: 160-167

Researcher Affiliations

Mitchell, Cassie M
  • Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.
  • Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.
Davy, Brenda M
  • Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.
  • Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.
Hulver, Matthew W
  • Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.
  • Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.
Neilson, Andrew P
  • Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.
  • Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.
Bennett, Brian J
  • Obesity and Metabolism Unit, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Davis, CA.
Davy, Kevin P
  • Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.
  • Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Bacteria / metabolism
  • Butyrates / analysis
  • Butyrates / metabolism
  • Diet
  • Exercise / physiology
  • Feces / chemistry
  • Gastrointestinal Microbiome / physiology
  • Humans

Citations

This article has been cited 63 times.
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